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#20
October 1 · 1 min
第3159期:Pope Francis is in critical condition
In a video statement, Chen Kugel, the chief of the Israeli National Institute of Forensic Medicine, confirmed on Saturday Shiri Bibas' body shows no evidence of injuries caused by bombing. 以色列国家法医研究所所长Chen Kugel在视频声明中证实，Shiri Bibas的尸体上没有爆炸伤证据。 "We have identified the remains of Shiri Bibas two days after identifying her children, Ariel and Kfir. Our examination found no evidence of injuries caused by bombing." “我们在确认Shiri Bibas的孩子Ariel和Kfir身份两天后确认了她的遗体身份。我们的检查没有发现爆炸造成的伤害证据。” Hamas, a U.S.-designated terror organization, said in November, 2023 that the children and their mother had been killed in an Israeli airstrike. 被美国认定为恐怖组织的哈马斯于2023年11月表示，这些孩子及其母亲在以色列空袭中丧生。 Ismail Al-Thawabta, director of the Hamas-run Gaza Government media office, said Netanyahu "bears full responsibility for killing her and her children." 哈马斯控制的加沙政府媒体办公室主任伊斯梅尔·萨瓦布塔（Ismail Al-Thawabta）表示，内塔尼亚胡“对杀害她及其孩子负有全部责任”。 But the Israeli military said intelligence assessments and forensic analysis of the bodies of the Bibas children indicated that they were deliberately killed by their captors. 但以色列军方表示，对两名儿童尸体的情报评估和法医分析表明，他们是被绑架者故意杀害的。 Chief military spokesperson Daniel Hagari said the boys were killed by the terrorists with their bare hands, but gave no details. 首席军事发言人丹尼尔·哈加里（Daniel Hagari）表示，这些男孩是被恐怖分子徒手杀害的，但没有透露细节。 Meanwhile, on Sunday, Israel said the release of hundreds ofPalestinianprisoners is delayed 与此同时，以色列周日表示，数百名巴勒斯坦囚犯的释放将推迟， until the release of the next hostages has been assured and without the humiliating ceremonies at handovers of Israeli captives in Gaza. 直到下一批人质得到释放，并且不会在加沙举行以色列俘虏交接仪式时受到羞辱。 The statement by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office came early Sunday as vehicles apparently carrying prisoners left the open gates of Ofer Prison only toturnaround and go back in. 总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡办公室于周日凌晨发表声明，当时似乎载有囚犯的车辆驶离奥弗监狱敞开的大门，然后掉头返回监狱。 Israel's announcement abruptly put the future of the cease-fire into further doubt. 以色列的声明突然使停火的未来陷入进一步的疑问。 The Vatican says Pope Francis is in critical condition. AP correspondent Julie Walker reports. The pope has been in the hospital for a week with a complex lung infection. 梵蒂冈表示，教皇方济各情况危急。美联社记者朱莉·沃克（Julie Walker）报道。教皇因复杂的肺部感染住院一周。 The Vatican also said Saturday Francis had to get blood transfusions after tests showing an anemia-related condition. 梵蒂冈周六还表示，方济各必须接受输血，因为检查显示他患有贫血相关疾病。 The statement said the Holy Father continues to be alert and spent the day in an armchair, although in more pain than yesterday. 声明称，教皇继续保持警觉，整天坐在扶手椅上，但比前一天感到更加疼痛。 At the moment, the prognosis is reserved. I'm Julie Walker. 目前，预测结果尚不确定。我是朱莉·沃克。
#20
September 30 · 1 min
第3158期:Vance criticizes Germany's free speech laws
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Friday that Israel would make Hamas pay for failing to release the body of hostage Shiri Bibas as agreed in the latest potential threat to the month-old cease-fire. 以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡周五表示，哈马斯未能按照协议归还人质希里·比巴斯（Shiri Bibas）的遗体，以色列将让其为此付出代价，这是对一个月前停火协议的最新潜在威胁。 Reuters correspondent Fiona Jones reports. Hamas said Bibas' remains appeared to have been mixed with others after an Israeli airstrike hit the place she was being held, later adding that it was investigating the possible error. 路透社记者菲奥娜·琼斯（Fiona Jones）报道。哈马斯表示，以色列空袭袭击了比巴斯被关押的地方后，她的遗体似乎与其他遗体混在一起，后来又补充说，正在调查可能的失误。 Netanyahu gave no details on a possible Israeli response, but the incident highlights the fragility of the month-old cease-fire deal reached with U.S. backing and help from Qatar and Egypt. 内塔尼亚胡没有透露以色列可能做出的反应，但这一事件凸显了在美国支持以及卡塔尔和埃及帮助下达成的一个月前停火协议的脆弱性。 The failure to return Bebas' body during this staged public handover caused outrage in Israel. 在这次分阶段的公开移交中，以色列未能归还比巴斯的遗体，引起了以色列的愤怒。 "It's like they make a joke of us and the mother just sent the body and it's so painful, so the family has to go and bury them and to make sort of a closure and now the mother is missing and it's so frustrating." “他们好像在拿我们开玩笑，母亲刚刚把尸体送来，这太令人痛苦了，所以家人必须去埋葬他们，做一个了结，现在母亲失踪了，这太令人沮丧了。 ” Hamas is due to release six living hostages on Saturday, with the start of the negotiations for the cease-fire's second phase expected in the coming days. That was Reuters correspondent Fiona Jones. 哈马斯定于周六释放六名活着的人质，预计未来几天将开始停火第二阶段的谈判。路透社记者菲奥娜·琼斯报道。 U.S. Vice President J.D. Vance has criticized Germany's free speech laws during an appearance at a conservative gathering outside Washington. 美国副总统J.D.万斯在华盛顿郊外的保守派集会上批评了德国的言论自由法。 He linked Germany's limits against hate speech to American troops stationed there. 他将德国对仇恨言论的限制与驻扎在那里的美国军队联系起来。 German laws set restrictions on free speech, including the long-standing ban on Holocaust denial and any glorification of the country's Nazi past. 德国法律对言论自由进行了限制，包括长期禁止否认大屠杀和美化该国纳粹历史。 The limits are an effort to curb extremism and incitement and have led authorities to policing the internet for hate speech and arresting people forallegedlyposting and reposting such comments. 这些限制是为了遏制极端主义和煽动行为，并促使当局对互联网上的仇恨言论进行监管，并逮捕涉嫌发布和转发此类评论的人。 Vance's remarks Thursday followed his speech earlier this month at the Munich Security Conference. 万斯周四发表讲话之前，他本月早些时候在慕尼黑安全会议上发表了讲话。
#20
September 29 · 2 min
第3157期:Musk slashes Tesla's regulatory compliance team
Germans are electing a new parliament Sunday after a campaign focused on the state of Europe's biggest economy and calls to curb migration. 德国人将于周日选举新一届议会，此前竞选活动聚焦欧洲最大经济体的状况，呼吁遏制移民。 Uncertainty has grown rapidly about the future of Ukraine and the strength of Europe's alliance with the United States. VOA's Cristina Menenti has more. 乌克兰的未来以及欧洲与美国的联盟实力的不确定性迅速增加。美国之音新闻记者克里斯蒂娜·梅内蒂（Cristina Menenti）将为您带来更多报道。 The opposition leader and frontrunner Friedrich Merz vowed Saturday to revive thestagnanteconomy and defend Europe's interests in the face of a confrontational U.S. administration. 反对党领袖、领跑者弗里德里希·默茨周六誓言要重振停滞不前的经济，并在美国政府对抗的情况下捍卫欧洲的利益。 Meanwhile, hundreds protested for and against far-right Alternative for Germany's leader Alice Weidel in her Swiss town of residence. 与此同时，数百人在德国极右翼选择党领导人艾丽丝·魏德尔的居住地瑞士小镇举行了支持和反对她的抗议活动。 "We're really concerned about what's going on everywhere in Europe, about the rise of far-right movements." “我们非常担心欧洲各地发生的事情，担心极右翼运动的崛起。” Chancellor Olaf Scholz's center-left Social Democrats have shown little sign of coming back from a large poll deficit after the chancellor's three-party coalition collapsed in November. 在总理奥拉夫·朔尔茨的三党联盟于11月破裂后，中左翼社会民主党几乎没有迹象表明会从巨大的民调失利中恢复过来。 That led to the election being held seven months ahead of schedule. Cristina Menenti, VOA News. 这导致选举比原计划提前了七个月举行。美国之音新闻记者克里斯蒂娜·梅内蒂报道。 A federal judge has largely blocked sweeping executive orders from President Donald Trump that sought to end government support for programs promoting diversity, equity and inclusion. 一名联邦法官基本阻止了唐纳德·特朗普总统的全面行政命令，该命令旨在终止政府对促进多样性、公平和包容性计划的支持。 Judge Adam Abelson in Baltimore found that they likely violate free speech rights and granted an injunction blocking them as a lawsuit plays out. 巴尔的摩法官亚当·阿贝尔森（Adam Abelson）发现这些命令可能侵犯言论自由权，并在诉讼期间下达禁令阻止这些命令。 The city of Baltimore and higher education groups sued, arguing the executive orders are unconstitutional and in overreach of presidential authority. 巴尔的摩市和高等教育团体提起诉讼，称这些行政命令违宪，超越了总统的权力。 The Trump administration has argued that the president was targeting only DEI programs that violate federal civil rights laws. 特朗普政府辩称，总统只针对违反联邦民权法的DEI计划。 Elon Musk is cutting jobs at the auto safety agency that oversees his Tesla company. AP correspondent Donna Warder reports. 埃隆·马斯克正在削减监管特斯拉公司的汽车安全机构的职位。美联社记者唐娜·沃德（Donna Warder）报道。 Elon Musk's cost-cutting team, DOGE, is cutting jobs at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 埃隆·马斯克的成本削减团队DOGE正在削减国家公路交通安全管理局的职位。 That's the agency that oversees Tesla and has launched investigations into deadly crashes involving Tesla vehicles. The NHTSA says the number of eliminated positions is modest. 这是监管特斯拉的机构，已对涉及特斯拉汽车的致命事故展开调查。国家公路交通安全管理局表示，裁员人数不多。 The administration has mandated that Tesla and other automakers using self-driving technology report crash data on vehicles, a requirement that Musk has criticized. 政府要求特斯拉等使用自动驾驶技术的汽车制造商报告车辆碰撞数据，马斯克对这一要求提出了批评。 He's accused the agency of holding back progress on self-driving technology with its investigations and recalls. I'm Donna Warder. 他指责该机构通过调查和召回阻碍了自动驾驶技术的进步。我是唐娜·沃德。 French President Emmanuel Macron said on Saturday a knife attack that killed one and injured three in eastern France on Saturday was "Islamist terrorism" after France's anti-terrorism prosecutor's office confirmed it was investigating the case. 法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙周六表示，周六在法国东部发生的持刀袭击事件造成一人死亡，三人受伤，这是“伊斯兰恐怖主义”，此前法国反恐检察官办公室证实正在调查此案。 The PNAT prosecutor's office said in a statement a man attacked local police officers in the city of Mulhouse shouting "Allah Akbar" on Saturday afternoon. PNAT检察官办公室在一份声明中表示，周六下午，一名男子在米卢斯市袭击当地警察，高喊“真主至大”。 The prosecutor's office added a passerby was killed trying tointervenewhile three police officers were injured. The prosecutor's office said the suspect has been arrested. [解析] 检察官办公室补充说，一名路人在试图干预时被杀，三名警察受伤。检察官办公室表示，嫌疑人已被逮捕。
#20
September 28 · 2 min
第3156期:Virginia cellist goes viral
Meet Andrew Savoia, a 24-year-old Northern Virginia cello player who is a social media sensation. 认识一下安德鲁·沙瓦亚，一位24岁的北弗吉尼亚大提琴手，他在社交媒体上很有名。 He created his TikTok account savoiboi in July and in just a few months he already had millions of likes or views. 他在7月创建了自己的TikTok账号savoiboi，短短几个月内就已经获得了数百万的点赞或浏览量。 There were some very catchy songs on the app and songs that you're just watching a video and it makes you want to get up and dance. 这个应用程序上有一些非常动听的歌曲，而且当你观看视频时，里面的歌曲会让你忍不住起身跳舞。 And there was only like a quick little segment of that I would see and I was like, okay, I could try to recreate this on the cello, so I did that. 我当时只能看到一小段快速闪过的内容，我就想，好吧，我可以试着用大提琴把这个重新演绎出来，于是我就这么做了。 I had one of my buddies record it and it was so fascinating because of the positive reaction that it received. I did not think that it would be received as well as it did. 我有一个朋友帮我录了下来，结果反响非常热烈，这让我觉得特别有意思。我没想到它会受到这么好的评价。 It was a stream of unhappy events that led Savoia to his social media success: a painful breakup, failing to get into medical school, depression. 一连串不幸的事件促使沙瓦亚在社交媒体上获得了成功：痛苦的分手、医学院入学考试失利以及抑郁情绪。 In a strange way all this contributed to his achievements. 奇怪的是，这一切都促成了他的成就。 Music for me has been a way for me to like, I said, process emotion, experiences, memories that I've had. 对我来说，音乐是一种处理我所经历的情感、体验和记忆的方式。 But it has an ability to heal because it can do the same thing for other people and it's very unifying. 但它具有治愈的能力，因为它也能为他人带来同样的作用，而且非常具有凝聚力。 His process is simple: Find the song he likes and play it on the cello. 他的做法很简单：找到他喜欢的歌曲，然后用大提琴演奏。 I listen to lots of different kinds of music. I listen to hip hop. I listen to rock music, country music, sometimes lots of classical music and countless other genres. 我听很多不同类型的音乐。我听嘻哈音乐。我听摇滚音乐、乡村音乐，有时也听很多古典音乐，还有数不清的其他音乐类型。 And I just try to do songs that have a melody line that would work well on this instrument. This instrument has such a diversity in its sound. 我只是尽力创作那些旋律线在这件乐器上能演奏出很好效果的歌曲。这件乐器的音色非常多样。 But music will not be Savoia's career. He graduated from Virginia Tech with a degree in neurobiology and plans to become a neurologist in the future. 但音乐不会成为沙瓦亚的职业。他毕业于弗吉尼亚理工大学，获得了神经生物学学位，并且计划未来成为一名神经科医生。 But his two passions, music and medicine, are inseparable, something one of his former teachers sees as well. 但他对音乐和医学的两大热忱密不可分。他以前的老师也看到了这一点。 I could definitely see a specific you know sector of the population who has a specific ear or depending on the type of illness that you have that you can actually be soothed by music. 我绝对能想象到有这样一部分特定的人群，他们对音乐有独特的感知，或者根据你所患疾病的类型，实际上你是可以从音乐中获得慰藉的。 And if you watch him when he plays, and of course I only started watching him recently, he's very very passionate how he actually started playing the cello. I think that process sort of healed him. 如果你看他演奏时，当然我也是最近才开始关注他的，他对自己当初是如何开始拉大提琴这件事充满了激情。我觉得这个过程在某种程度上治愈了他。 Savoia's cover version of the song Come Get Her by a hip-hop duo Rae Sremmurd got over 3 million views. 沙瓦亚翻唱了嘻哈二人组雷·什里默德的歌曲Come Get Her，视频浏览量超过了300万。 He hopes people who like his stuff will pick up an instrument themselves. 他希望喜欢他作品的人，能自己拿起一件乐器来演奏。
#20
September 27 · 29 sec
第3155期:World's first patient to undergo live AI-assisted brain surgery
The patient's tumour was benign but dangerously close to important bloodvessels and nerves, leaving him at risk of going blind. 这位患者的肿瘤虽为良性，但极度靠近重要血管和神经，使其面临失明的风险。 The team trained the AI tool on hundreds of videos of previous operations. They then used the AI tool in real time to help highlight sometimes hidden vessels and nerves, and to mark up the safest place to remove the tumour. 该医疗团队利用数百段过往手术视频对人工智能工具进行了训练。随后，他们在手术过程中实时使用该人工智能工具，协助凸显一些隐蔽的血管和神经，并标注出切除肿瘤最安全的位置。 Researchers hope that with larger trials, using AI in this way will help surgery become both safer and faster. 研究人员希望随着更大规模试验的开展，以这种方式使用人工智能将有助于让手术变得更加安全和高效。
#20
September 26 · 43 sec
第3154期:Workplace accent discrimination in the UK
This polling suggests that 5% of people in Britain believe their accent has cost them a promotion, pay rise or senior role. Those from Birmingham were the most likely to feel this - the figure rose to 13% among people with a Brummie accent. 这项民调显示，5%的英国人认为，自己的口音曾导致他们错失晋升、加薪或担任高级职位的机会。来自伯明翰的受访者最有可能持这种看法，因为在有伯明翰地方口音的人群中，这一比例上升至了 13%。 More than 3,300 people in England, Scotland and Wales were questioned. People from the West Country were most likely to report being mocked or criticised by colleagues for the way they spoke, at 15%, closely followed by those with a Geordie or Mancunian accent. 这项调查访问了英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的 3300 多名受访者。调查显示，来自英格兰西南部地区的受访者最有可能表示，自己曾因说话方式而遭到同事嘲笑或批评，这一比例为 15%；紧随其后的是有纽卡斯尔地区口音和曼彻斯特地区口音的受访者。 Softening an accent is a common occurrence, the study suggests, with 13% of Britons polled admitting to changing the way they spoke in order to sound more professional. This rose to 23% of those with an East London Cockney accent, and 20% of those with a Scottish accent. 研究显示，刻意淡化口音是一种较为普遍的现象。13%的英国受访者承认，为了让自己听起来更专业，他们曾有意改变自己的说话方式。在有伦敦东区考克尼口音的受访者中，这一比例升至 23%；在有苏格兰口音的受访者中，这一比例为 20%。
#20
September 25 · 2 min
第3153期:Daydreaming: a distraction or a vehicle for ideas?
Daydreaming has a bad reputation – we say things like "he's away with the fairies" or "she has herhead in the clouds" implying these people are inattentive, easily distracted, maybe even lazy. Is this reputation justified? Or is a trip to la-la land actually something that might benefit us? 白日梦的名声很差——我们说“他和仙女在一起了”或“她的头在云端”，暗示这些人注意力不集中、容易分心，甚至可能很懒。这种声誉是否合理？或者说去la-la land旅行实际上可能对我们有益？ First, it's important to differentiate daydreaming from mind wandering. Mind wandering happens when you're busy with a task and your mind disengages from it, whereas daydreaming happens when you're doing nothing and spontaneous thoughts unrelated to your surroundings pop up. In a review of research called 'The costs and benefits of mind-wandering', the authors found mind wandering negatively impacted reading comprehension, attention, memory and intelligence. None of that sounds great, so are there any benefits at all? 首先，区分白日梦和走神很重要。当你忙于一项任务而你的思绪脱离它时，就会发生走神，而当你无所事事并且与周围环境无关的自发想法突然出现时，就会发生白日梦。在一项名为“走神的成本和好处”的研究综述中，作者发现走神会对阅读理解、注意力、记忆力和智力产生负面影响。这些听起来都不太好，那么有什么好处吗？ Activities that allow your mind to wander, like having a bath or meditating can lead to the 'aha' moment that you've been waiting for, which is why people often say they have their best ideas in the shower. This might work in the workplace too. In a 2021 study called 'Zoning out or breaking through? Linking daydreaming to creativity in the workplace', the authors concluded that "daydreaming carries noteworthy benefits for creativity". In other words, daydreaming at work may help you to come up with solutions to your problems. It's also suggested that daydreaming can provide a sort of mental escape, both from the difficulty of the task, but also from the stresses of everyday life. 让你的思绪飘逸的活动，比如洗澡或冥想，可以让你得到一直在等待的“顿悟”时刻，这就是为什么人们经常说他们在淋浴时想到了最好的想法。这在工作场所也可能有效。在 2021 年一项名为“分区还是突破？”的研究中作者将白日梦与工作场所的创造力联系起来，得出结论：“白日梦对创造力具有显着的好处”。换句话说，工作中的白日梦可能会帮助你找到问题的解决方案。还有人认为，白日梦可以提供一种精神上的逃避，既可以逃避任务的困难，也可以逃避日常生活的压力。 So, it seems daydreaming might be a bit of a double-edged sword, and the extent to which it provides benefits rather than downsides depends on things like how positive the thoughts are as well as your ability to identify and control them. If you find yourself endlessly staring into space, pondering the meaning of life while you're trying to get things done, why not try a mindfulness technique? 因此，白日梦似乎是一把双刃剑，它带来好处而不是坏处的程度取决于诸如想法的积极程度以及您识别和控制它们的能力等因素。如果你发现自己在努力完成事情的同时不断地凝视着太空，思考生命的意义，为什么不尝试正念技巧呢？ Observe the thoughts as they pop up, visualise them as clouds and watch them pass by. Alternatively, when you've got some time to yourself, instead of reading a book or listening to music, why not let yourself get lost in thought? 观察突然出现的想法，将它们想象成云，然后看着它们消失。或者，当您有一些独处时间时，为什么不让自己陷入沉思，而不是读书或听音乐呢？
#20
September 24 · 1 min
第3152期:Do you want an unbreakable phone?
For many worldwide, smartphones are used for everything from financial transactions to social media. 对于全球许多人来说，智能手机被用于从金融交易到社交媒体等方方面面。 So when screens break or crack, it can feel like life itself comes to a halt. 当手机屏幕破裂时，感觉生活仿佛都停滞了。 Long-time US glassmaker Corning has spent more than a decade making smartphone glass stronger. 美国老牌玻璃制造商康宁公司花了十多年时间，让智能手机玻璃变得更坚固。 These devices are typically a much higher percentage of a person's GDP in emerging regions, so durability and longevity of that phone becomes a much more critical feature than in other developed countries. 在新兴地区，这些设备的价格通常占个人GDP的比例要高得多，所以与其他发达国家相比，手机的耐用性和使用寿命就成了更为关键的特性。 Corning founded in 1851 has pivoted with the times. In 1879, Thomas Edison went to Corning for glass for his light bulb. 康宁公司于1851年成立，一直与时俱进。1879年，托马斯·爱迪生前往康宁公司，为他的灯泡寻找玻璃材料。 Corning's glasses used in the windows for NASA's space shuttles. 康宁公司的玻璃被用于美国国家航空航天局航天飞机的舷窗。 In the 1950s, Corning became a household name with Corningware cookware, and Steve Jobs used it for the iphone. 20世纪50年代，康宁凭借康宁餐具家喻户晓，史蒂夫·乔布斯还将其用于iPhone手机。 Now Corning dominates the worldwide smartphone glass industry. 如今，康宁公司主导着全球智能手机玻璃行业。 Its latest product Gorilla Glass Victus is even tougher, says the company. 该公司表示，其最新产品“Gorilla Glass Victus”更加坚固耐用。 Whenever we develop a new glass, we set the bar high. 每当我们研发一种新玻璃时，我们都会设定很高的标准。 The new glass must be clearly better than our current flagship product and far superior to the competition. 新玻璃必须明显优于我们目前的旗舰产品，并且远远胜过竞争对手的产品。 Corning said they were able to improve both drop and scratch performance at the same time, a first in the industry. 康宁公司表示，他们能够同时提升抗摔性能和抗刮性能，这在业内尚属首次。 Gorilla Glass Victus can drop from two meters in height, which is taller than I am, onto a rough surface like asphalt and has 2x better scratch performance than our previous glass. Gorilla Glass Victus玻璃能从两米高的地方（这比我还高）掉到像沥青这样的粗糙表面上，而且其抗刮性能是我们之前玻璃的两倍。 So the next time you drop your phone and it miraculously doesn't shatter, it's most likely thanks to this company in upstate New York. 下次你不小心把手机掉地上，而它奇迹般地没有摔碎时，这很可能要归功于纽约州北部的这家公司。
#20
September 23 · 3 min
第3151期:Saving Senegal's Forests
Half of Senegal's household rely on wood or wood charcoal. 塞内加尔一半的家庭依靠木材或木炭。 To combat air pollution and deforestation, a cooperative of women produce biochar, an energy source made from straw. 为了应对空气污染和森林砍伐问题，一个妇女合作社生产生物炭，这是一种由秸秆制成的能源。 Theyburnit and mix the charred straw with clay and water. The end result is a carbon-neutral organic charcoal that does not involve chopping down trees. 他们将其焚烧，并将烧焦的稻草与黏土和水混合。最终得到一种碳中和的有机木炭，且无需砍伐树木。 The mixture is pressed and stored, resulting in about 150 pallets of biochar per day. 将混合物进行压制和储存，每天可产出约150托盘的生物炭。 The initiative is diversifying the economy of a rural region where many eke out a living from livestock and fishing. 该倡议正在使一个农村地区的经济多元化，在那里许多人靠畜牧和渔业勉强维持生计。 First of all, this biochar protects the forest. It protects our homes, it protects our supplies, it protects women, it protects the forest that no longer burns, it protects our lives. It is healthy. We thank God for this. 首先，这种生物炭保护了森林。它保护我们的家园，保护我们的物资，保护妇女，保护不再燃烧的森林，保护我们的生命。它有益健康。我们为此感谢上帝。 Biochar production has been launched in 18 villages in the region by the Nebeday ecological association, a name that means "tree" in the Wolof of language. Nebeday生态协会已在该地区的18个村庄启动了生物炭生产项目，Nebeday在沃洛夫语中意为“树”。 To fight deforestation, the group also plants trees in big cities and small villages alike. 为了对抗森林砍伐，该组织还在大城市和小村庄植树。 Since the beginning of the year, they have planted more than a million trees throughout the country. 自年初以来，他们在全国各地种植了一百多万棵树。 Nebeday director Jean Geopp says that putting straw to good use has an added advantage. Nebeday主任Jean Geopp表示，充分利用秸秆还有额外的好处。 Straw, which is the raw material of our biochar, in fact conveys thousands of bushfires across the country in the dry season. 稻草是我们生物炭的原料，实际上在旱季会在全国范围内引发数千起丛林大火。 So reducing this straw is reducing bushfires, and, therefore, preventing young trees from dying in the forest. 减少秸秆就是减少丛林火灾，从而防止森林中的幼树死亡。 So by consuming one kilogram of straw charcoal, we save the forest twice. 每消耗一公斤秸秆木炭，我们就能两倍地拯救森林。 The benefits can be seen in Senegal's Djilor Forest, patrolled by ranger Biram Gning, who was born nearby. 这些好处在塞内加尔的吉洛森林可见一斑，这片森林由护林员Biram Gning巡逻，他就出生在附近。 Gning lacks the authority to arrest those he catches cutting down trees, rather, he reports infractions to a local village chief. Gning没有权力逮捕他抓到的那些砍树的人，而是将违规行为报告给当地的村长。 Gning says rising delta waters have salted the land, posing an additional environmental challenge. Gning表示，三角洲地区不断上涨的水位已使土地盐碱化，构成了额外的环境挑战。 Deforestation is caused by, one, the harmful cutting of trees, illegal cutting by the population. 森林砍伐是由以下原因造成的：其一，非法砍伐。 Two, there are brushfires, which can ravage miles of forest. Three, the advance of salt from the sea to the forests. 二是有野火，它们能肆虐数英里的森林。三是海水向森林的侵蚀。 The African Union's Great Green Wall initiative is focusing on the Sahel among other regions to prevent desertification. 非洲联盟的“绿色长城”倡议正聚焦于萨赫勒等地区，以防治沙漠化。 The biochar project and efforts to combat deforestation are a vital piece of the puzzle. 生物炭项目以及应对森林砍伐的努力是解决这一难题的关键部分。
#20
September 22 · 2 min
第3150期:African-American drivers face discrimination
Driving While Black, a documentary by Ric Burns, chronicles the discrimination and violence African-Americans have often encountered while driving. 里克·伯恩斯执导的纪录片《黑人驾驶》记录了非裔美国人在驾车时经常遭遇的歧视和暴力。 In order to understand what's happening today, I felt strongly, we felt strongly that you had to go all the way back to slavery because that's the point where freedom is denied and mobility is denied. 为了理解今天正在发生的事情，我们强烈地感到，你必须一直追溯到奴隶制时期，因为从那时起，自由和迁徙的权利就被剥夺了。 The film documents how during the US Antebellum era plantation owners employed slave patrols to monitor and punish slaves who tried to escape. 这部纪录片记录了在美国内战前时期，种植园主如何雇佣奴隶巡逻队来监视并惩罚试图逃跑的奴隶。 It portrays these slave catchers as a precursor to white supremacists and some local sheriffs of the post-slavery Jim Crow era, who targeted African-American motorists from the 1920s to the 1960s. 它将这些追捕奴隶的人描绘成白人至上主义者的前身，以及奴隶制废除后种族隔离时代某些地方警长的前身，这些警长在20世纪20年代至60年代期间专门针对非裔美国司机。 Liberty is locomotion. It was a form of self-empowerment. 自由即行动；它是一种自我赋权的形式。 You drive automobile, you get to go where you want when you want, not sit in the back of the bus, but also an opening to a whole world of challenge as you now must navigate this spaces where African mobility is seen as worrisome and unpleasant and to be stopped by a large cohort of white Americans. 你驾驶汽车，就能随心所欲地去往想去的地方，不必坐在公交车后排，但这也开启了一个充满挑战的全新世界，因为如今你必须在这样的环境中前行，在这个环境里，非洲裔的出行被视为令人担忧和讨厌的事情，而且还可能会被一大群美国白人拦下。 Barriers grew for black motorists at night. So one of the hazards of driving was encountering people who were less interested in you being in that particular neck of the woods. 晚上，黑人司机面临的障碍就增多了。驾驶的风险之一就是遇到那些并不欢迎你出现在那片特定区域的人。 And I say neck of the woods, a neck in the woods, you know, watch out for being lynched or being harassed or terrified. 要当心被私刑处死、被骚扰或受惊吓。 How do you navigate the segregated highways of America if you're an African-American? 如果你是一名非裔美国人，你要如何在美国那些实行种族隔离的公路上出行呢？ Where if your daughter needs to go to the bathroom, if you need to put gasoline in your automobile, if God forbid you have a medical emergency, where are you going to sleep, where are you going to eat, where are you going to get your hair done? 要是你的女儿需要上厕所，要是你的汽车需要加油，要是万一你突发医疗紧急状况，你要去哪里睡觉，去哪里吃饭，去哪里理发呢？ The Negro Motorist Green Book listed such places. 《黑人出行绿皮书》列出了这些地方。 It was published in 1936 by New York postal carrier Victor Hugo Green and put small African-American businesses across the country on the map. 这本指南由纽约邮递员维克多·雨果·格林于1936年出版，将全国的小型非裔美国人企业标注在了地图上。 Eventually, says Ric Burns, the expansion of America's highways offered a level of protection to African-American drivers, giving them alternatives to state and local roads. 最终，里克·伯恩斯表示，美国高速公路的扩建为非裔美国司机提供了一定程度的保护，让他们有了州道和地方道路之外的选择。 However, the film shows African-American drivers continue to be racially profiled and disproportionately likely to be stopped by the police. 然而，这部纪录片显示，非裔美国司机仍然受到种族歧视，更有可能被警察拦下。 And so if people want to say, what is this thing? Structural racism, systemic racism, which has this kind of like abstract quality at first glance, it's not abstract, it's profoundly concrete. 如果人们想问，这到底是什么？结构性种族主义、系统性种族主义，乍一看好像很抽象，但它并非抽象的，而是非常具体的。
#20
September 21 · 2 min
第3149期:Portable fan problems
They could be the hottest accessory of an even hotter summer. As temperature records were smashed across Europe and other parts of the world, portable electric fans could be seen in the hands of millions of people. Estimates claim that up to 8 million of these devices were sold in the UK alone. The breeze that they provide will have been welcome to many, but could there be a downside to this popular product? 它们可能是炎热夏季最热门的配饰。随着欧洲和世界其他地区的气温记录被打破，数百万人手中可以看到便携式电风扇。据估计，仅在英国就售出了多达 800 万台此类设备。它们提供的微风会受到许多人的欢迎，但是这种受欢迎的产品有缺点吗？ Concerns have been raised that these fans are just another example of fast technology. That is products that are sold cheaply and are likely to be disposed of quickly. Research from Material Focus, a British pro-recycling organisation, suggests that half of all the mini fans bought will end up unused or thrown away. This is unsurprising as they can be cheap to buy and almost impossible to repair. Fans contain a mix of different materials – plastic casing, copperwiring and a lithium-ion battery among other components. This means that a considerable amount of natural resource is used in their production, and that they can be complex to recycle and dispose of sustainably. 人们担心这些风扇只是快速技术的另一个例子。这些产品售价低廉并且可能会很快被处理掉。英国支持回收利用的组织Material Focus的研究表明，购买的迷你风扇中有一半最终会被闲置或丢弃。这并不奇怪，因为它们购买起来很便宜，而且几乎不可能修理。风扇包含不同材料的组合——塑料外壳、铜线和锂离子电池等组件。这意味着它们的生产中使用了大量的自然资源，并且它们的可持续回收和处置可能很复杂。 There are more immediate safety risks from portable fans. The London Fire Brigade has reported cases of cheaply-made portable fan batteries catching fire or exploding while being charged. Waste disposal companies in the UK have warned that the lithium-ion batteries used by these devices are often thrown away together with household waste, and that this can lead to fires which put staff and installations at risk. It's not just fire either. The Japanese Consumer Affairs Agency reports a train passenger's hair being sucked into someone else's fan on a train. In addition, once the air around you gets hot enough, fans can even make you warmer rather than colder. 便携式风扇存在更直接的安全风险。伦敦消防队报告了廉价制造的便携式风扇电池在充电时起火或爆炸的案例。英国的废物处理公司警告说，这些设备使用的锂离子电池经常与家庭垃圾一起丢弃，这可能导致火灾，使工作人员和设施面临危险。这也不仅仅是火。日本消费者事务厅报告称，一名火车乘客的头发在火车上被吸进了别人的风扇中。此外，一旦你周围的空气变得足够热，风扇甚至可以让你变得更温暖而不是更冷。 As the world's climate continues to heat up, more and more of us may be tempted to reach for portable fans. But maybe we should take some time to reflect on the effect this might be having on our environment and climate. 随着世界气候持续变暖，我们中越来越多的人可能会想要使用便携式风扇。但也许我们应该花一些时间来思考这可能对我们的环境和气候产生的影响。
#20
September 20 · 2 min
第3148期:Hamas returns bodies of 4 Israeli hostages
Israelis have mourned a family that was a symbol of the trauma their country suffered in the Hamas-led October 7, 2023 terror attack. 以色列人哀悼了一个家庭，这个家庭是他们的国家在2023年10月7日哈马斯领导的恐怖袭击中遭受创伤的象征。 Reuters correspondent Zachary Goelman reports. Israelis on Wednesday mourned three members of the Bibas family. 路透社记者Zachary Goelman报道。以色列人周三哀悼了Bibas家族的三名成员。 They lined the funeral procession that carried the bodies of mother Shiri and her sons, four-year-old Ariel and nine-month-old Kfir, on the way to their funeral. 他们沿着送葬队伍排列，送葬队伍运送着母亲Shiri和她的儿子、四岁的Ariel和九个月大的Kfir的遗体，前往他们的葬礼。 The two children were the youngest hostages seized during the attack on Israel. 这两个孩子是袭击以色列期间被劫持的最年轻的人质。 Their bodies were returned to Israel last week as part of a Gaza cease-fire meant to facilitate the return of captives and the release ofPalestinianprisoners held in Israel. 他们的遗体上周被送回以色列，这是加沙停火的一部分，旨在促进俘虏返回和释放关押在以色列的巴勒斯坦囚犯。 Thousands of people, some in tears, carrying blue and white Israeli flags or photographs of the family, walked in procession or waited as a convoy bearing the coffins passed their way to the funeral. 成千上万的人，有些人泪流满面，手持蓝白相间的以色列国旗或家人的照片，在送葬队伍中行走或等待运送棺材的车队前往葬礼。 The Hamas attack killed 1,200 people, according to Israeli tallies. Militants took 251 captives back to Gaza. 根据以色列的统计，哈马斯的袭击造成1200人死亡。武装分子将251名俘虏带回加沙。 Israel's air and ground war in Gaza, in response, has killed more than 48,000Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities, and destroyed most of the coastal enclave. 据加沙卫生当局称，以色列对加沙发动的空中和地面战争已造成48000多名巴勒斯坦人死亡，并摧毁了大部分沿海地区。 But fighting has stopped since the fragile cease-fire agreement brokered by Egyptian and Qatari mediators last month. 但自上个月埃及和卡塔尔调解人达成脆弱的停火协议以来，战斗已经停止。 Under the deal, Hamas agreed to hand over 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for some 2,000Palestinianprisoners and detainees, and the withdrawal of Israeli troops from some of their positions in Gaza, as well as a massive influx of aid. 根据该协议，哈马斯同意交出33名以色列人质，以换取约2000名巴勒斯坦囚犯和被拘留者，并撤出以色列军队在加沙的部分阵地，以及大量援助。 On Wednesday, Egyptian mediators confirmed they had secured a breakthrough that should allow the handover of the final four hostage bodies due in the first phase of the deal this week after a days-long impasse. 周三，埃及调解人证实，他们已经取得突破，在经过数天的僵局后，本周将移交协议第一阶段的最后四名人质尸体。 Reuters correspondent Zachary Goelman. President Trump says he backs billionaire Elon Musk's U.S. government cost-cutting effort. 路透社记者Zachary Goelman报道。特朗普总统表示，他支持亿万富翁埃隆·马斯克为美国政府削减成本所做的努力。 Reuters correspondent Alex Cohen has more. Musk addressed Trump's first cabinet meeting of the new administration, saying his mission to cut government spending was urgent. 路透社记者亚历克斯·科恩(Alex Cohen)报道了更多消息。马斯克在特朗普新政府的第一次内阁会议上发表讲话，称削减政府开支是他的当务之急。 "It was spending, like, over a trillion dollars on interest. If this continues, the country will go, become de facto bankrupt. It's not an optional thing. It is an essential thing. That's the reason I'm here." “政府在利息上花费了超过一万亿美元。如果这种情况继续下去，这个国家就会走向破产。这不是可有可无的事情。这是必要的事情。这就是我来这里的原因。” Trump continued to give his full backing to Musk's Department of Government Efficiency cost-cutting team known as DOGE. 特朗普继续全力支持马斯克的政府效率部成本削减团队，即DOGE。 Federal workers are unhappy with Musk's approach and have sued to protect their jobs, as have other groups who are seeking to block DOGE from accessing government systems and slashing programs. 联邦工作人员对马斯克的做法不满意，并已提起诉讼以保护自己的工作，其他团体也试图阻止DOGE访问政府系统并削减项目。 While Musk has waved a chainsaw on stage at a political event in a bold display of his group's efforts, his official role remains unclear, which has complicated the lawsuits against DOGE. Reuters correspondent Alex Cohen. 虽然马斯克在一次政治活动中挥舞着电锯，大胆展示了他的团队的努力，但他的官方角色仍不明确，这使针对DOGE的诉讼变得复杂。路透社记者亚历克斯·科恩报道。
#19
September 19 · 2 min
第3147期:Oscar-winning actor Gene Hackman dies at 95
Top officials from the U.S. and several other member states skipped a group of 20 major economies' finance ministers meeting in South Africa this week, raising questions about the group's continued relevance. 美国和其他几个成员国的高级官员缺席了本周在南非举行的二十国集团财长会议，人们开始质疑该集团是否继续具有重要意义。 Kate Bartlett reports from Johannesburg. The two-day meeting in Cape Town ended without a communiqué, with current G20 leader South Africa saying there was not sufficient consensus to issue one. 凯特·巴特利特（Kate Bartlett）在约翰内斯堡报道。在开普敦举行的为期两天的会议没有发表公报，现任二十国集团领导人南非表示，双方没有达成足够的共识来发表公报。 In his opening remarks at the event, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa referred to the fractured geopolitical climate and stressed the importance of international cooperation. 南非总统西里尔·拉马福萨在会议开幕致辞中提到了支离破碎的地缘政治气氛，并强调了国际合作的重要性。 "At this time of global uncertainty and escalating tension, it is now more important than ever that the members of the G20 should work together." “在全球不确定性和紧张局势不断升级的当下，二十国集团成员国比以往任何时候都更需要共同努力。” But it appeared the world's largest economies were not able to find common ground on a number of issues. 但看起来，世界最大的几个经济体在许多问题上都未能达成共识。 The finance ministers meeting was beset with similar problems faced by last week's G20 foreign ministers meeting in Johannesburg, which laid bare the discord in current geopolitics. 此次财长会议面临着与上周在约翰内斯堡举行的二十国集团外长会议类似的问题，这也暴露了当前地缘政治的不和谐。 U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent skipped the event amid a spat with host country South Africa and after the U.S. criticized the themes around climate change and solidarity, equality and sustainability. Kate Bartlett, VOA News, Johannesburg. 美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特因与东道国南非发生争执而缺席此次活动，此前美国批评气候变化和团结、平等和可持续性等主题。美国之音新闻记者凯特·巴特利特在约翰内斯堡报道。 President Trump said on Thursday that his proposed 25 percent tariffs on Mexican and Canadian goods will go into effect on March 4 特朗普总统周四表示，他提议对墨西哥和加拿大商品征收25%的关税将于3月4日生效， and threaten an extra 10 percent duty on Chinese imports over what he said were drugs pouring into the U.S. from those countries. Reuters correspondent Alex Cohen has more. 并威胁对中国进口产品征收额外10%的关税，因为他所说的药品从这些国家涌入美国。路透社记者亚历克斯·科恩（Alex Cohen）带来更多报道。 Canadian and Mexican officials were due to meet with Trump administration counterparts in Washington on Thursday and Friday to try to firststallthe tariffs, which could deal a serious blow to a highly integrated North American economy. 加拿大和墨西哥官员将于周四和周五在华盛顿会见特朗普政府的同行，试图先推迟征收关税，这可能会对高度一体化的北美经济造成严重打击。 Trump's comments on the matter during his first cabinet meeting on Wednesday seem to suggest that he may push the deadline back for about one month until April 4. 特朗普在周三的第一次内阁会议上就此事发表的评论似乎表明，他可能会将最后期限推迟大约一个月，即推迟到4月4日。 Reuters correspondent Alex Cohen. A search warrant shows that Oscar-winning actor Gene Hackman, his wife and one of their dogs had been dead for some time before being discovered. 路透社记者亚历克斯·科恩报道。搜查令显示，奥斯卡影帝吉恩·哈克曼、他的妻子和他们的一条狗在被发现之前已经死了一段时间。 AP correspondent Donna Warder reports. A maintenance worker entered the couple's Santa Fe, New Mexico, home Wednesday and found their bodies. 美联社记者唐娜·沃德（Donna Warder）报道。一名维修工人周三进入这对夫妇位于新墨西哥州圣达菲的家，发现了他们的尸体。 They say one of their dogs, a German shepherd, was found dead in the bathroom closet, but two other dogs, one inside the home and one outside, were found alive and well. 他们说，他们的德国牧羊犬被发现死在浴室的壁橱里，但另外两只狗，一只在屋内，一只在屋外，被发现时还活着，而且很健康。 A sheriff's detective says the couple didn't have any wounds and that there were no signs of a carbon monoxide leak or carbon monoxide poisoning. I'm Donna Warder. 一名警长侦探说，这对夫妇没有任何伤口，也没有一氧化碳泄漏或一氧化碳中毒的迹象。我是唐娜·沃德。
#20
September 18 · 2 min
第3146期:Trump: 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada to hit Tuesday
The future of the cease-fire between Israel and Hamas is in doubt after Israel stopped all aid from entering the Gaza Strip. Linda Gradstein reports from Jerusalem. 在以色列阻止所有援助进入加沙地带后，以色列和哈马斯之间的停火前景令人怀疑。琳达·格拉德斯坦（Linda Gradstein）在耶路撒冷报道。 Israel's announcement that it is blocking humanitarian aid from entering Gaza through its checkpoints has caused fear andpanicbuying in Gaza's markets. 以色列宣布阻止人道主义援助通过其检查站进入加沙，这在加沙市场引起了恐慌性购买。 The move comes as the Muslim holy month of Ramadan begins, when Muslims fast from dawn to dusk and share festive meals in the evenings. 此举正值穆斯林斋月开始之际，穆斯林从黎明到黄昏禁食，晚上共享节日大餐。 This year's Ramadan is taking place amid massive destruction caused by 16 months of heavy fighting between Israel and the terrorist-designated Hamas. 今年的斋月正值以色列和被指定为恐怖分子的哈马斯之间16个月的激烈战斗造成大规模破坏之际。 Hamas seized 250 hostages in an October 7, 2023, terror attack on southern Israel, sparking a war that has left tens of thousands ofPalestinians and more than 1,700 Israelis dead. 哈马斯于2023年10月7日在以色列南部发动恐怖袭击，劫持了250名人质，引发了一场战争，造成数万名巴勒斯坦人和1700多名以色列人死亡。 So far, 147 hostages have been returned to Israel alive, most in two cease-fire deals with Hamas. Israel has also released some 2,000Palestinianprisoners. 到目前为止，已有147名人质活着返回以色列，其中大多数是在与哈马斯达成的两项停火协议中被释放的。以色列还释放了约2000名巴勒斯坦囚犯。 Hamas, Arab states, the United Nations and human rights groups have condemned the Israeli blockage of aid shipments, accusing Israel of violating the cease-fire terms. 哈马斯、阿拉伯国家、联合国和人权组织谴责以色列封锁援助物资，指责以色列违反停火条款。 Linda Gradstein, VOA News, Jerusalem. President Trump said on Monday that 25 percent tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico will go into effect on Tuesday. 美国之音新闻记者琳达·格拉德斯坦在耶路撒冷报道。特朗普总统周一表示，对加拿大和墨西哥进口产品征收25%的关税将于周二生效。 Reuters correspondent Jillian Kitchener reports. U.S. stocks plunged after Trump said there was no room left for a deal that would avert the tariffs by halting the flow of fentanyl into the United States. 路透社记者吉莉安·基钦纳(Jillian Kitchener)报道。特朗普表示，通过停止芬太尼流入美国，达成协议以避免关税，此后美国股市暴跌。 "On the tariffs, is there any room left for Canada and Mexico to make a deal before midnight?" “关于关税，加拿大和墨西哥还有商量的余地在午夜前达成协议吗？” "No room left for Mexico or for Canada. No, the tariffs, you know, they're all set." “墨西哥和加拿大都没有商量的余地。他们都已经确定了。” Mexican President Claudia Scheinbaum on Monday told reporters, quote, "We maintained communication. We have made the agreements and the necessary coordination." 墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆周一告诉记者，“我们保持着沟通。我们已经达成了协议并进行了必要的协调。” But she said the decision to impose tariffs rested with Trump and said Mexico was ready with a plan B, C and D. 但她表示，征收关税的决定权在特朗普手中，并表示墨西哥已准备好B、C和D计划。 Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Sunday told reporters Canada should not be blamed for the amount of fentanyl in the U.S. 加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多周日告诉记者，加拿大不应为美国的芬太尼数量负责。 "We had about less than one percent when we first started talking about this many months ago. That number is significantly lower than that even now." “几个月前我们刚开始谈论这个问题时，我们的关税还不到1%，比现在要低得多。” Economists say that if Trump imposes 25 percent tariffs, which cover more than $900 billion worth of annual imports from Canada and Mexico, it would deal a serious setback to the highly integrated North American economy. 经济学家表示，如果特朗普征收25%的关税，涵盖每年价值超过9000亿美元的加拿大和墨西哥进口产品，这将对高度一体化的北美经济造成严重挫折。
#20
September 17 · 2 min
第3145期:Polio eradication still faces challenges
At one time polio paralyzed hundreds of thousands of children every year. 曾经，小儿麻痹症每年都会使数十万儿童瘫痪。 In Africa alone, it afflicted 75,000 children annually. That's no longer the case. 仅在非洲，每年就有7.5万名儿童受此折磨。现在情况已经不一样了。 We have just achieved a major milestone in global polio eradication, with the certification of the African region as well polio virus free. 我们刚刚在全球根除小儿麻痹症方面实现了一个重大里程碑，非洲地区被认证为无野生脊髓灰质炎病毒。 A vaccine ended polio in the developed world more than 50 years ago. 50多年前，一种疫苗结束了发达国家的小儿麻痹症。 In 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative decided to end polio in developing countries. 1988年，全球根除小儿麻痹症倡议决定在发展中国家消除小儿麻痹症。 It's taken a lot of work: countless volunteers, global leadership, local leadership and the backing of many donors. 这需要付出大量的努力：无数志愿者、全球领导力、地方领导力以及众多捐助者的支持。 But now the wild polio virus exists only in Afghanistan and Pakistan. 但是现在小儿麻痹症病毒只存在于阿富汗和巴基斯坦。 In both countries, there has been a resurgence of the virus in recent years. 近年来，这两个国家的病毒都死灰复燃。 In Pakistan, people displaced by violence and conflict have resettled in communities with poor health services and sanitation. 在巴基斯坦，因暴力和冲突而流离失所的人们在卫生服务和环境卫生条件较差的社区重新定居。 Polio virus is very unforgiving in these communities. You know, they're densely settled. They're, you know, poor sanitation and hygiene. 小儿麻痹症病毒在这些社区里非常肆虐。这些地方人口密集，而且卫生条件和个人卫生习惯都很差。 The conditions are very favorable for polio virus transmission to thrive, to be really entrenched there. 这些条件非常有利于小儿麻痹症病毒传播扩散，使其真正在那里扎根。 Jafari says the eradication program is now helping these communities meet more of their health needs like access to clean water. 贾法里说，根除小儿麻痹症的倡议现在正在帮助这些社区满足更多的卫生需求，例如获得清洁水源。 In Afghanistan, the Taliban doesn't allow mass inoculations or house-to-houseimmunizations. 在阿富汗，塔利班不允许大规模接种疫苗或挨家挨户接种。 If you don't do house-to-house campaigns, can you perhaps carry outimmunizationcampaigns in smallimmunizationcenters? 如果你不进行挨家挨户接种，是否可以在小型免疫中心开展免疫接种活动？ Many smallimmunizationcenters in a particular community, so that families don't have to travel very far to have their children immunized. 在某个特定社区设立许多小型免疫接种中心，这样家庭就不必长途跋涉带孩子去接种疫苗了。 So we're trying to be creative, and looking at ways to move our polio eradication efforts forward in those two remaining endemic countries. 我们要发挥创造力，并研究如何推动我们在剩下的两个小儿麻痹症盛行的国家根除小儿麻痹症。 Because of the coronavirus pandemic, vaccinators in all countries wear masks and gloves. 由于新冠疫情，各国的疫苗接种人员都佩戴口罩和手套。 Global polio eradication is close and the milestones are significant, but unless the disease is wiped out in Afghanistan and Pakistan, it could once again circulate globally. [解析] 全球根除小儿麻痹症已接近尾声，且取得了重大里程碑进展，但除非该疾病在阿富汗和巴基斯坦被彻底消灭，否则它可能再次在全球范围内传播。
#20
September 16 · 2 min
第3144期:California’s initiatives could bring about massive changes
This ad posted to Youtube was part of an unprecedented 200-million-dollar initiative in California by Lyft, Uber and other firms to convince voters that workers who use their apps to find work should be classified as independent contractors, overturning 2019 state legislation that defined them as employees. 发布到油管上的这则广告是来福车、优步等公司在加利福尼亚州发起的一项史无前例的2亿美元倡议活动的一部分，旨在说服选民，让他们认为使用其应用程序找工作的劳动者应被归类为独立承包商，从而推翻2019年该州将他们定义为雇员的立法。 It's a big win for the companies who are no longer required to cover all their drivers for health care and paid time off. 这对公司来说是个巨大的胜利，因为它们不再需要为所有司机提供医疗保险和带薪休假。 The companies see their victory as a vote of confidence in their model of a third way of defining work, app-based gigs, and may inspire similar pushes elsewhere. 这些公司将自己的胜利视为对其定义工作的第三种模式——基于应用程序的零工模式的信任投票，这或许会激励其他地方采取类似的举措。 It's gonna be something that we're going to see affecting more than just California now at this point because other states are looking at a challenge. 现在这将会影响到的不只是加州，因为其他州也正面临挑战。 And that's including Massachusetts, New York and even New Jersey. 包括马萨诸塞州，纽约州甚至新泽西州。 Gerace supported the initiative because he said as an independent contractor, the promise of flexibility works for him. Gerace支持这项倡议，因为他表示，作为一名独立承包商，灵活性的承诺对他而言是可行的。 I'm not full time, I'm part time, so I go on and off when I choose. It's much more convenient for me that way. 我不是全职工作，我是兼职，所以我可以根据自己的选择随时上班或休息。那样对我来说方便多了。 But opponents say the company's victory comes at the expense of workers' rights. 但反对者说，该公司的胜利是以牺牲工人权利为代价的。 This kind of app-based piece work may seem to offer flexibility, but it comes with serious downsides, they say. 他们表示，这种基于应用程序的零工工作看似提供了灵活性，但也存在严重的弊端。 The gig worker stuff in general, I think, is a problem for labor everywhere because it's making people independent contractors. 总的来说，我认为零工经济的问题对各地的劳动力都构成挑战，因为它正在让人们成为独立承包商。 You take away right unemployment, you take away workers comp. Anything that you kind of offer protections under the law you're losing those. 你取消了正当的失业救济，你取消了工伤赔偿。任何在法律层面提供保障的内容，你都在失去它们。 The victory by the app companies like Uber and Lyft may embolden other industries to pursue the third way model for their employees, some labor experts say. 一些劳工专家表示，优步和来福车等应用程序公司的胜利可能会鼓励其他行业为其员工推行第三种模式。 I think that maybe scarier prospect is just this sort of offers an avenue for lots of other types of companies to follow in step. 我认为，或许更令人担忧的前景是，这恰恰为许多其他类型的公司提供了效仿的途径。 And I wonder slash worry about instances where like a Walmart decides to say, "Hey, actually our workers are also independent contractors." 我不禁会想，也会担心出现这样的情况，比如沃尔玛会宣称：“实际上我们的员工也是独立承包商。” As Uber, Lyft and other app companies look beyond California, the future of work, what it means to have a job may be a concept that is changing. 随着优步、来福车及其他应用程序公司放眼加州以外的地区，工作的未来，以及拥有一份工作意味着什么，可能是一个正在变化的概念。
#20
September 15 · 52 sec
第3143期:Melting Arctic ice allows large whales to move in
The sea off the coast of East Greenland used to be covered in ice year-round. Now, as it warms and melts completely in the summer, the waters have opened up to new visitors – some of the world's largest whales and the fish that they feed on. 东格陵兰沿岸海域过去全年都被海冰覆盖。现在，随着海水变暖，海冰会在夏季完全融化，这片水域也因此迎来新的 “访客”，包括世界上一些体型最大的鲸类及其捕食的鱼类。 The scientists combined aerial surveys, satellite tagging and observations from local Inuit communities to track them. And the change has been dramatic. 科学家通过结合航空调查、卫星标签定位以及当地因纽特社区的观测，对这些鲸类展开追踪。而其变化十分显著。 Surveys didn't record a single humpback whale sighting in the region until 2006. In 2007, seven humpbacks were seen. And, by 2024, there were 150 sightings of the giant whales from ships. Now, fin whales, humpbacks and minke whales come to East Greenland in their thousands to feed. 直到 2006 年，相关调查才首次在该地区记录到座头鲸的目击报告。2007 年，有七头座头鲸被目击。而到了 2024 年，船只目击这种巨型鲸类的记录已达 150 次。如今，成千上万的长须鲸、座头鲸和小须鲸会汇聚到东格陵兰觅食。 The researchers say this is a huge climate-driven shift, with some easily adapting, while other Arctic species, including belugas, narwhals and walruses, all of which need the ice to hide from predators or to breed, are being edged out. 研究人员表示，这是一次由气候变化驱动的巨大转变。一些物种能够轻松适应，而另一些极地物种，包括白鲸、独角鲸和海象，因需要依赖海冰躲避天敌或繁育后代，正逐渐失去生存空间。
#20
September 14 · 2 min
第3142期:The peacock effect: Why overconfidence can be good for you
Do you know anyone who is more confident in their own abilities than their actual performance suggests they should be? Perhaps they think they are an incredible singer, but they're actually tone-deaf. Most people believe that they are more intelligent and skilful than the average person, according to a 2020 meta-analysis by Zell and colleagues. Obviously, this cannot be the case. Overconfidence has a cost – it can lead to things like poor financial decisions and dangerous driving. So why do we have such a tendency to overestimate our abilities? 你认识的人中是否有人对自己的能力比实际表现更自信？也许他们认为自己是一位令人难以置信的歌手，但实际上他们是五音不全的。根据 Zell 及其同事 2020 年的荟萃分析，大多数人认为自己比普通人更聪明、更有技巧。显然，事实并非如此。过度自信是有代价的——它可能导致糟糕的财务决策和危险驾驶等问题。那么为什么我们会倾向于高估自己的能力呢？ Excessive self-belief requires self-deception – believing your own falsehoods. An evolutionary perspective argues that humans evolved self-deception so that we could deceive others more easily. The theory goes that if you believe your own lies about your abilities, you're less likely to display behaviours which will give it away, such as nervousness or hesitation. Deceiving others about your abilities may enable you to open doors, but it is when you have to prove yourself that overconfidence can lead to costly mistakes. For those who have a greater underlying ability, though, overconfidence can be highly beneficial. 过度自信需要自我欺骗——相信自己的谎言。进化论认为，人类进化出自欺欺人的能力，这样我们就可以更容易地欺骗别人。该理论认为，如果你相信自己对自己能力的谎言，你就不太可能表现出会泄露谎言的行为，例如紧张或犹豫。欺骗别人你的能力可能会让你打开大门，但当你必须证明自己时，过度自信可能会导致代价高昂的错误。然而，对于那些具有更强潜在能力的人来说，过度自信可能非常有益。 This is what researchers are calling the 'peacock's tail for people'. Peacocks have long and brightly coloured feathers to attract females, but they are extremely burdensome. The feathers are heavy and highly visible to predators, so only the healthiest peacocks can afford to carry such elaborate plumage. In other words, their feathers are a reliable indicator of their suitability for potential mates. Authors of a 2026 study, published in the Psychological Review compare this phenomenon with human overconfidence. They argue that only the most capable people can keep a high self-belief without suffering severe consequences. In other words, overconfidence may actually be a useful signal of ability. 这就是研究人员所说的“人类的孔雀尾巴”。孔雀有长而鲜艳的羽毛来吸引雌性，但它们却极其沉重。羽毛很重，对捕食者来说非常明显，因此只有最健康的孔雀才能携带如此精致的羽毛。换句话说，它们的羽毛是它们是否适合潜在配偶的可靠指标。发表在《心理评论》上的 2026 年研究的作者将这种现象与人类的过度自信进行了比较。他们认为，只有最有能力的人才能保持高度的自信，而不会遭受严重的后果。换句话说，过度自信实际上可能是一种有用的能力信号。 So, what lessons can be learnt from all this? If you have a high ability in a particular skill, make sure you have the confidence to match it. Ability can bring success, but remember, it is confidence which opens the doors in the first place. 那么，我们可以从这一切中吸取什么教训呢？如果您在某项特定技能上拥有很高的能力，请确保您有信心与之相匹配。能力可以带来成功，但请记住，首先打开大门的是信心。
#20
September 13 · 1 min
第3141期:The US decides to exempt the "Big Three" automakers
Reuters correspondent Zachary Goelman reports. Pursuing what he has called a, quote "America First" agenda, Trump ordered a 90-day pause on all foreign aid in his first day back in office. 路透社记者扎卡里·戈尔曼（Zachary Goelman）报道。特朗普在上任第一天就下令暂停所有外国援助90天，以推行他所谓的“美国优先”议程。 That order and ensuing stop-work orders halting U.S. Agency for International Development operations around the world have jeopardized delivery of life-saving food and medical aid, throwing global humanitarian relief efforts into chaos. 该命令以及随后的停工令暂停了美国国际开发署在世界各地的业务，危及了救命食品和医疗援助的运送，使全球人道主义救援工作陷入混乱。 Aid organizations accused Trump in lawsuits of exceeding his authority under federal law by stepping into an area that's a matter for Congress. 援助组织在诉讼中指责特朗普超越了联邦法律赋予的权限，介入了属于国会事务的领域。 A Washington-based U.S. district judge last month ordered the administration release approximately $2 billion in funding to contractors and grant recipients. 上个月，华盛顿的一名美国地区法官下令政府向承包商和受助人发放约20亿美元的资金。 Trump appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. His solicitor general wrote in a filing that the lower court order should be blocked, saying it would, quote, "unlawfully commandeer federal payment processes." 特朗普向美国最高法院提出上诉。他的司法部长在一份文件中写道，下级法院的命令应该被阻止，称这将“非法入侵联邦支付系统”。 But Chief Justice John Roberts and fellow conservative Amy Coney Barrett joined the court's three liberal members in rejecting the Trump administration's appeal. Reuters correspondent Zachary Goelman. 但首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨和保守派同僚埃米·科尼·巴雷特与法院的三名自由派成员一起驳回了特朗普政府的上诉。路透社记者扎卡里·戈尔曼报道。 President Trump is granting a one-month exemption on his stiff new tariffs on imports from Mexico and Canada for U.S. automakers. 特朗普总统将给予美国汽车制造商一个月的豁免期，免除其对墨西哥和加拿大进口产品征收的新关税。 Worries persist that the newly launched trade war could crush domestic manufacturing. 人们仍然担心新近爆发的贸易战可能会摧毁国内制造业。 The announcement comes after Trump spoke with leaders of the big three automakers - Ford, General Motors and Stellantis - on Wednesday. 特朗普周三与三大汽车制造商福特、通用汽车和斯特兰蒂斯的领导人进行了交谈，随后宣布了这一消息。 "So does he expect them to be able to shift production within a month? “那么他是否希望他们能够在一个月内转移生产？ He told them that they should get on it, start investing, start moving, shift production here to the United States of America where they will pay no tariff. That's the ultimate goal." 他告诉他们，他们应该开始行动，开始投资，开始行动，将生产转移到美国，这样他们就不用支付关税了。这是最终目标。”
#20
September 12 · 1 min
第3140期:The U.S. cuts off intelligence sharing with Ukraine
A senior Trump administration official said Thursday that Ukraine was given a fair warning by the White House before U.S. President Donald Trump this week ordered a pause on American military assistance and intelligence sharing with Kyiv. 特朗普政府一名高级官员周四表示，在美国总统唐纳德·特朗普本周下令暂停美国与基辅的军事援助和情报共享之前，白宫已经向乌克兰发出了警告。 AP correspondent Sagar Meghani reports. A Trump envoy says Ukraine has itself to blame for a pause on American military aid and intelligence sharing. "... they brought it on themselves." 美联社记者萨加尔·梅加尼（Sagar Meghani）报道。特朗普特使表示，乌克兰应该为暂停美国军事援助和情报共享负责。“……这是他们自找的。” Keith Kellogg, the president's special envoy to Ukraine and Russia, tells the Council on Foreign Relations Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelenskyy was told last week's Oval Office talks would focus on signing a rare earth minerals deal with the U.S. 特朗普总统的乌克兰和俄罗斯问题特使基思·凯洛格告诉外交关系委员会，乌克兰领导人泽连斯基上周被告知，椭圆形办公室的会谈将集中在与美国签署稀土矿产协议上。 "The best way I can describe it is sort of like hitting a mule with a two-by-four across the nose. You got their attention ..." “我能想到的最好的描述方式，就是有点像用一根两英尺乘四英尺的木头打骡子的鼻子。你引起了他们的注意……” Zelenskyy says he's still willing to sign the minerals deal. Kellogg says he cannot guarantee weapons will again flow to Ukraine even if that happens. Sagar Meghani, Washington. 泽连斯基说他仍然愿意签署矿产协议。凯洛格说，即使发生这种情况，他也不能保证武器会再次流向乌克兰。记者萨加尔·梅加尼在华盛顿报道。 Top U.S. and British defense officials met Thursday to work on how to best quickly bring an end to the fighting between Russia and Ukraine. 美国和英国高级国防官员周四举行会晤，商讨如何尽快结束俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战斗。 VOA national security correspondent Jeff Seldin has more from the Pentagon. 美国之音国家安全通讯员杰夫·塞尔丁（Jeff Seldin）将为您带来五角大楼的更多报道。 British Defense Secretary John Healy: "He challenged us to step up on Ukraine, on defense spending, on European security, and I say to you that we have, we are, and we will further." 英国国防部长约翰·希利表示：“他要求我们在乌克兰问题、国防开支和欧洲安全问题上加大力度，我要告诉你们，我们已经做到了，我们正在加大力度，而且我们还会更进一步。” On potential peace talks between Ukraine and Russia, Healy said Britain believes Kyiv is ready to make the most of a, quote, "unique opportunity." 关于乌克兰和俄罗斯之间可能展开的和平谈判，希利表示，英国认为基辅已准备好充分利用这一“独特机会”。 But as for whether the U.S. has seen enough to resume intelligence sharing with Ukraine, the U.S. defense secretary said that's up to President Trump. [解析] 但至于美国是否已经看到足够多的东西来恢复与乌克兰的情报共享，美国国防部长表示，这取决于特朗普总统。

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