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Volts

David Roberts

Volts is a podcast about leaving fossil fuels behind. I've been reporting on and explaining clean-energy topics for almost 20 years, and I love talking to politicians, analysts, innovators, and activists about the latest progress in the world's most important fight. (Volts is entirely subscriber-supported. Sign up!)

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  • 28 episodes
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Episodes 28

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  • Friday · 14 min

    How energy politics work inside DC

    This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.volts.wtf Back in 2011, I wrote that fossil fuel interests had a much better media game than clean energy. My example was Frank Maisano, a media relations guy for coal utilities and the natural gas industry. Thirty years on, he’s still at it — still writing his newsletter, still connecting reporters to sources, still better at it than anyone on the clean side (sigh). So I’m finally talking to him about it: clean energy trade groups nobody in Washington fears, Trump’s daft efforts to kill renewables, the PAC picking off dirty-energy Republicans, permitting and data center fights, and the climate denial shop he worked for in the ‘90s. Spoiler: he regrets nothing. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:46 – What a DC media strategist actually does 09:50 – Republicans, Trump, and a narrow House majority 15:29 – Why tax cuts beat energy in the OBBBA fight 18:54 – Competing with China on AI without the electric stack 21:15 – Paying $4 billion to hand back offshore wind leases 28:07 – Red-state wind and the orders keeping coal plants open 32:52 – Clean energy trade groups and the building trades 38:41 – Gas as a bridge, and what longer term means 44:55 – Whether a half-gas trade group can serve clean energy 48:43 – A coherent clean vision against an incoherent coalition 51:14 – Do the green groups still scare anyone 55:18 – Permitting reform and the Whitehouse-Capito path 59:46 – Data centers, animal spirits, and the midterms 1:06:48 – The revenge PAC, and whether it is working 1:12:31 – Congress, the courts, and what Democrats could do 1:18:53 – COP, climate change, and the client he would turn down

  • Wednesday · 1 hr 14 min

    How to build a more flexible, quieter, less obnoxious data center

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Verrus is building data centers designed to address every objection the public has raised: they use batteries instead of diesel generators, which makes them grid assets that help hold down power prices; they use closed-loop cooling, which uses a tiny fraction of the water; their equipment is quieter; and as a bonus, they squeeze more servers into the same grid connection. Yet both of Verrus’s proposed sites, in Michigan and Oregon, are mired in fierce local opposition. In this episode, CEO Nelson Abramson walks through the engineering — and the politics that the engineering hasn’t quite solved. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 02:43 – Three decades in data centers 05:05 – What a Verrus data center looks like 07:39 – The medium voltage power plane 12:13 – UPS batteries vs. the big LFP battery 17:27 – Priority aware capping and provisioned utility capacity 22:31 – Why not buy the pieces off the shelf? 25:42 – Duration: what happens when four hours runs out 34:28 – Diesel backup and what customers ask for 37:15 – How flexible is compute, really? 42:37 – Noise, fans, and the sound studies 48:42 – Water use and the 12 million gallon question 52:19 – Industrial land and by-right zoning 56:07 – Public opposition, recall petitions, and community benefits 1:00:07 – Oregon, Salem, and the moratorium 1:03:56 – Ride-through, NERC, and losing the moat 1:07:11 – What V2 looks like

  • September 11 · 2 hr

    Building a big, abundant, clean grid

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Jane Flegal has worked inside philanthropy at the Hewlett Foundation, industrial emissions policy at the Biden White House, and carbon-removal market development at Frontier; she's now a senior fellow at the Searchlight Institute, writing some of the smartest climate policy analysis around. We cover a lot of ground: industrial policy versus market approaches, what the IRA got right and wrong, philanthropy's proper role, data centers and the case for an infrastructure fund, and behind-the-meter gas, among other things. This is a long one, and spicy! Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:11 – Flegal's thesis: building a clean grid fast enough to power growth 06:29 – Why she rejects degrowth 09:27 – The Roosevelt essay: climate as more than a market failure 13:30 – Why clean energy underuses its political muscle 15:24 – Industrial policy and the green spiral theory of change 20:40 – Was IRA the right approach? 22:12 – Lily Bermel's paper and the fight over what survived 23:21 – What she would have done differently under IRA 30:11 – Philanthropy, Silicon Valley, and what government is for 33:29 – The epistemic crisis inside environmental NGOs 39:09 – The abundance movement and what each faction misses 44:16 – What establishment Democrats get wrong on climate 46:06 – Why issue polling misleads 50:34 – Republicans and the Cold War analogy 52:47 – Data centers and the American Grid Infrastructure Fund 59:13 – Affordability politics and who pays for the grid 1:08:14 – Emissions, behind-the-meter gas, and flexible load 1:13:57 – The clean firm debate: storage plus transmission? 1:20:14 – Capacity markets, ERCOT, and the case for planning 1:24:32 – Utility incentives, public power, and affordability fixes 1:35:55 – Permitting reform and the land footprint asymmetry 1:41:05 – NEPA reform and the political window 1:48:21 – Where fresh policy thinking comes from

  • September 9 · 1 hr 4 min

    Is there way more conventional geothermal than we thought?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Zanskar argues that the US is badly underestimating its conventional geothermal resources — that there are far more undiscovered hydrothermal systems, and that each one can produce far more power, than people think. They think AI can help find those resources, and they have drilled three sites to back it up, including a “blind” discovery in Nevada with no surface signs and no prior exploratory wells. If they're right, terawatts of firm, carbon-free power are reachable with off-the-shelf drilling technology. Co-founders Carl Hoiland and Joel Edwards make the case. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:29 – Heat, permeability, and how resources have been found 04:49 – Why conventional geothermal stalled, and why the estimate is stale 09:22 – Applying AI to old exploration data 11:10 – The data Zanskar works with 13:09 – Models, field testing, and the feedback loop 15:02 – How much more resource is really out there 20:22 – Lightning Dock: reviving a written-off field 22:14 – What has changed in drilling technology 28:37 – Pumpernickel and the permeability question 31:08 – Natural permeability vs. enhanced geothermal 34:21 – Big Blind, the first blind discovery in 30 years 37:09 – Improving the models to keep getting better 40:51 – Financing exploration: the development capital facility 44:38 – The NV Energy PPA and data center demand 47:42 – The skeptical case and geographic limits 54:20 – Policy dependence and public lands 58:11 – What's next for Zanskar

  • September 4 · 12 min

    Best of August 2026

    This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit www.volts.wtf Volts published eight conversations in August — with two Idaho state legislators, a grid cybersecurity expert, the architect of Uruguay's energy transition, an EV charging exec, and more — which is a lot for anyone to listen to. We've rounded up the highlights into a single hour. Enjoy! Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction and how the best-of series works 01:59 – Saleem Chapman on why every market design fails ratepayers the same way 07:51 – Patrick Miller on Chinese inverters and commodity boards 12:22 – Ben Toews and Megan Egbert on how Idaho's housing bills happened 18:34 – Seth Cutler on why an IONNA site is technically a bakery 22:52 – Ramón Méndez Galain on getting every Uruguayan party to sign one plan 28:00 – Quinn Nakayama on why a utility would adopt something that saves money 34:16 – Varun Sivaram on workload tiers and who pays when flexing goes wrong 38:44 – Todd Tucker on the Defense Production Act precedent 44:20 – Closing note and what to send in

  • September 2 · 1 hr 11 min

    How to respond to disinformation about clean energy, at scale

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Disinformation about clean energy is showing up everywhere — online after every blackout, at county commission meetings about siting new projects, in regulatory dockets stuffed with fake comments. GoodPower, which combines a C3 education arm with a C4 advocacy arm, is trying to fight back with a network of thousands of content creators, rapid-response campaigns around storms and grid failures, and an AI tool that detects manufactured public comments. I talk with CEO Leah Qusba about what they've tried, what they've measured, and what actually works. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:06 – What the disinformation claims, and who spreads it 05:57 – From Action for the Climate Emergency to GoodPower 08:38 – Building a creator network in non-political verticals 14:17 – Competing with talk radio and Fox News 18:26 – Winter Storm Fern and the rapid response system 23:26 – Measuring whether a deployment actually worked 27:24 – Pre-bunking and the 80-county experiment 33:18 – Getting people off the couch and into the room 38:10 – AI agents and where human judgment sits 42:05 – Keeping the C3 and the C4 distinct 47:13 – Battery fires, Moss Landing, and talking to fire chiefs 50:54 – TrueVoice and manufactured public comment 56:13 – Whether AI will overwhelm the comment process 58:11 – The best messages that actually land 1:04:22 – Super PACs, budgets, and what comes next

  • August 28 · 1 hr 8 min

    Could we use Trump's tricks to make good green policy?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Even as he has torn down climate policy, Donald Trump has normalized the use of more powerful & aggressive tools of economic statecraft, like equity stakes in private companies, new federal authorities, and sovereign wealth funds. The Roosevelt Institute recently issued a collection of 17 essays exploring how a future administration could use the tools Trump has assembled for decarbonization. I talk with Todd Tucker, editor of and contributor to the volume, about these new industrial planning tools. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 02:32 – Did Biden's green policy prove durable? 09:39 – The Defense Production Act and the Sable pipeline 14:59 – Whether to leave the DPA on the table 15:35 – Executive orders and the durability problem 19:01 – Whether the Supreme Court treats Democrats differently 22:03 – Executive power and a disempowered Congress 25:05 – Senate malapportionment and filibuster reform 29:43 – Court reform and the major questions doctrine 34:13 – Manufacturing vs. deployment 42:52 – Permitting, abundance, and theory of power 49:20 – Public ownership and the U.S. Steel golden share 55:22 – What state capitalism could look like for green ends 59:56 – Shelley Welton on utilities as planning tools 1:02:42 – Speed vs. deliberation before 2029

  • August 26 · 53 min

    Making data centers flexible so they can serve the grid rather than stress it out

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Typically, AI data centers are large, inflexible loads that the grid has to build around, which is one reason utilities take so long to connect them. Emerald AI has designed a “digital brain” that can ramp down, move, or delay computing jobs in a data center on demand, making a data center a flexible asset to the grid. I talk with CEO Varun Sivaram about how the software works, what flexibility costs the compute, why it beats just installing batteries, whether utilities can enforce it, and what it would mean for clean energy. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:05 – Temporal, spatial, and resource flexibility 06:26 – What Emerald Conductor touches on site 08:35 – Who decides which workloads can flex 10:55 – Who is liable when a job slows down 13:45 – Who actually signs the contract 14:49 – Larger and faster grid connections 18:02 – Enforcing the flexibility promise 19:05 – What broke in the demos, from bad nodes to slow telemetry 26:41 – What flexing costs the compute jobs 29:21 – Why not just use batteries, and the demand merit order 35:44 – Training, inference, and substation-scale data centers 40:23 – PJM, ERCOT, and legal enforceability 44:50 – Renewables, gas, and consumer bills

  • August 21 · 1 hr 11 min

    Why can't utilities innovate?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe When it comes to innovative new grid technologies, every utility wants to be the third in line to try them. None of them want to be the first to take risks and iron out new processes. That's one reason grid-enhancing technologies, better software, and smarter internal procedures stay stuck in pilot purgatory, even as the industry faces the biggest buildout since rural electrification. PG&E's Quinn Nakayama and Microsoft's Hanna Grene discuss what's actually blocking utility innovation — and Quinn offers a novel proposal for paying someone to go first. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:44 – Why grid-enhancing technologies stall in the US 07:54 – Selling grid software into utilities: what goes wrong 11:08 – From a pipes-and-wires company to a technology company 12:38 – Pilot program hell and the last 30 percent 15:04 – Innovation as a bolt-on, and the three muscles 17:47 – The digital spine, data quality, and smart meters 23:56 – Org chart versus work chart 25:09 – Strategy, structure, people, process, technology 29:24 – Build, buy, and the ecosystem skill set 36:15 – Data leakage, shadow AI, and paying twice 41:12 – Why utility product cycles run five to seven years 46:27 – Human in the loop, and EPRI's SAFERai.power 49:06 – Advanced market commitments and the kingmaker problem 53:22 – EPIC, and whether software counts as infrastructure 01:00:05 – The CapEx incentive problem and final advice 1:04:34 – Digital Infrastructure as Capital Spend 1:06:53 – Final Advice

  • August 19 · 1 hr 2 min

    He helped Uruguay decarbonize. Can he help other countries do the same?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Ramón Méndez Galain helped Uruguay decarbonize its grid (today it’s 98% fossil-free) while keeping the utility public and letting private capital foot the bill. Now he’s trying to export the same playbook across the global South. We talk through how Uruguay pulled it off — the hydro “battery” for wind & solar “baseload,” the cross-party political deal, the market redesign — and what actually transfers to countries without the same advantages. We also discuss why, seven years on, no other country has followed Uruguay’s path. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 03:09 – From particle physics to a nuclear proposal 05:46 – Taking the job as energy secretary 07:00 – The 2008 crisis: drought, expensive oil, blackouts 09:26 – Getting every party to sign the same plan 12:51 – Why climate was not the lead argument 15:42 – Attracting private capital without privatizing 20:22 – What a public utility made possible 23:06 – Planning a grid where wind and solar are the base load 29:26 – Thermal plants as insurance, and the last 2 percent 32:36 – EVs, smart meters, and building an electrostate 37:33 – Why bills fell less than generation costs 39:46 – What transfers to other countries 44:15 – Optimum curtailment, Colombia, and Haiti 50:51 – The political work, and the argument against the dominant narrative 56:36 – The Global South and the NDC as development catalyst

  • August 14 · 1 hr 1 min

    Can public EV chargers be as reliable as gas stations?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe As the U.S. EV market slows and federal charging support recedes, IONNA, a fast-charging network backed by eight major automakers, is still expanding. On Volts, CEO Seth Cutler makes the case that public charging is entering a new phase focused on reliability and customer experience, but the economics remain difficult, with low utilization and demand charges squeezing margins. With roughly 1,300 bays live and a target of 30,000, IONNA is testing whether a multi-brand network can offer a Tesla-like charging experience while building a sustainable business. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction: can public EV charging be as reliable as a gas station? 02:30 – Public charging’s four phases, and IONNA’s phase-four bet 08:17 – IONNA’s origin story 09:55 – Scale, footprint & site strategy 11:52 – Rechargery @ vs. freestanding: the two site formats 18:45 – Can DC fast charging make money? Unit economics 21:29 – Demand charges & why fast charging is expensive 23:57 – Getting power: permitting, interconnection & utilities 29:18 – Site design, amenities & the monetization question 34:14 – Regional site customization: the gas station turned bakery 36:35 – The charging experience: apps & Plug&Charge 39:03 – Reliability strategy & metrics 42:47 – Headwinds: the EV market downturn & policy risk 46:54 – Business model, profitability & the IONITY comparison 50:09 – Geographic rollout: the chicken-and-egg problem 54:07 – Competitive position vs. Tesla 56:37 – Closing: vision, fears & timeline

  • August 12 · 1 hr 1 min

    Another bipartisan housing miracle, this time in Idaho

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Last year I did a pod on Montana’s surprising burst of bipartisan housing legislation. Turns out Idaho was watching. This year its legislature passed six housing bills of its own (two others failed). Republican state Sen. Ben Toews and Democratic state Rep. Megan Egbert join me to walk through what passed, what didn’t, and what they gave away to get it done — plus the property tax cap that quietly works against all of it, and why duplexes turned out to be the red line. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction and the Idaho housing package 02:43 – How each guest came to the housing issue 06:39 – Inside the interim housing study committee 09:05 – SB 1354, ADUs by right, and Dillon’s Rule 12:52 – The 5,000 to 10,000 compromise, and HOAs 15:03 – SB 1352 starter homes, manufactured homes, lot splits 16:28 – HB 706 and single-stair buildings 18:11 – The permitting shot clock and the 6-day rule 19:48 – Living with the compromises, and why counties were left out 22:54 – The two bills that died: duplexes and YIGBY 28:41 – HB 389, the property tax cap, and the growth undertow 34:41 – What the public understands about growth 37:23 – Regulatory reform on supply side vs. incentives for housing 43:59 – The February deadline and city resistance 48:52 – Horizontal vs. vertical density 56:03 – What comes next for the committee & Idaho housing

  • August 7 · 1 hr 12 min

    Grid cybersecurity: how big is the threat & what should we do about it?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Could the US grid be brought down by Chinese hackers? To find out, I talked with Patrick Miller, who helped write the cybersecurity rules for the bulk power system and became the first person with federal authority to enforce them. We get into what's actually been hacked, why those "rogue devices" in Chinese inverters are less sinister than they sound, and why squirrels still do more damage than hackers. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 02:47 – What state utility commissioners get wrong about cyber risk 04:50 – Real attacks on the grid so far: Ukraine, Poland, and the US 06:57 – IT versus OT, and why grid devices are hard to protect 10:30 – The NERC CIP standards: scope, requirements, enforcement 17:40 – Distributed resources outside the CIP perimeter 20:54 – Dropping the threshold to 20 MVA, and federal jurisdiction 29:12 – Chinese inverters and the commodity board 36:09 – Volt Typhoon, Salt Typhoon, and China's intent 39:26 – Data centers as a new attack surface 43:19 – The trade-off between security and speed 47:44 – Cyber-informed engineering and analog safeguards 54:05 – AI on offense and defense 1:02:21 – Squirrels, balloons, and physical threats 1:04:24 – CISA cuts, CIRCIA, and harmonizing the rules

  • August 5 · 1 hr 3 min

    What should state policymakers do about data centers?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe State legislatures are writing data center rules faster than they can verify the demand forecasts underneath them. Fifteen states accounted for 80 percent of data center electricity demand in 2023, a single hyperscale campus can arrive as 15 to 20 percent of a utility's demand, and the transmission to serve it takes five to 15 years to build. On this episode of Volts, David Roberts works through Climate Cabinet's Taming Data Center Turmoil series with Saleem Chapman, who leads the group's electricity affordability policy work, on why Georgia's regulated utility, PJM's capacity market, and ERCOT's competitive market each left ratepayers holding the risk, and what a state can require before it approves a project, while the facility operates, and after the deal is done. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction 02:49 – How Climate Cabinet came to the data center fight 03:58 – Three things that make hyperscalers unlike past industrial loads 07:51 – Warning signals: forecast opacity, gas dependency, unconditional subsidies 13:44 – Siting near overburdened communities and the Memphis case 15:34 – State preemption versus local control 18:31 – The same failure pattern in Georgia, PJM, and ERCOT 23:52 – Why not just ban data centers outright 28:07 – The framework, and what to require before approval 34:54 – While operating: real cost pricing and on-call load flexibility 37:39 – Scenario-based planning and the utility incentive problem 39:37 – After the deal: new and matched clean energy 43:48 – Siting standards and performance-tied incentives 50:27 – Existing facilities and the threat to build elsewhere 55:41 – Which states are ahead, and step one for lawmakers

  • August 2 · 45 min

    Best of July 2026

    Volts published eight conversations in July on subjects with nothing obvious in common: an Arizona utility board election, Minnesota smart meters, land value taxes in Spokane, silicon battery anodes. Yet six of them arrived at the same constraint. What stops energy infrastructure from getting built in the United States is more often written into law than into physics. On this episode, David Roberts pulls one stretch from each July conversation into a single hour, with two Minnesota utility regulators, a Spokane city council member, a Hawaii state senator, a co-founder of a battery materials company, and more. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction: a new format for Volts 01:22 Arizona: winning the utility elections nobody watches 07:04 Minnesota: the smart meter data nobody uses 12:40 Spokane: how property taxes reward empty lots 17:31 Hawaii: the education gap in state energy policy 22:13 The data center backlash is a politics story 27:41 Why America can't build transit: procurement 32:41 Clean energy after the IRA: the glass debate 38:26 Silicon anodes: the other half of the battery 44:47 Closing: tell me if this worked This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe

  • July 31 · 45 min

    Silicon anodes for batteries unlock greater energy density and faster charging times

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Materials in lithium-ion battery cathodes have continuously evolved since the 1990s, but anodes have stubbornly remained graphite. Now, finally, there’s some innovation on that side: silicon anodes, which engineers have struggled to master for a decade, are finally coming into wide commercialization. They enable up to five times the energy density of graphite anodes, charge many times faster, and are poised to revolutionize the battery market. In this episode, I talk with Rick Costantino, co-founder and CTO of Group14, which is selling a silicon-carbon composite material for anodes. They’re already selling to dozens of large battery manufacturers and expect silicon anodes to completely take over the market by 2030. Chapters: 00:00 – Introduction and the graphite anode problem 01:54 – Why silicon, and why it kept failing 06:26 – From pharma to batteries: Rick's path 09:24 – How SCC55 works: silicon in a carbon scaffold 14:38 – The payoff: energy density and charge speed 18:59 – A drop-in material, and scaling in South Korea 21:11 – Where the batteries go: phones, EVs, drones 24:29 – Cost versus graphite 26:20 – Cycle life, calendar life, and safety 31:26 – Supply chain and the silane bottleneck 36:26 – Pairing with LFP, DOE support, and phones 40:30 – Bringing the cost down, and competitors 43:27 – The five-year outlook

  • July 29 · 1 hr 27 min

    Should we feel good about the trajectory of clean energy post-Trump?

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) established substantial tax credits for wind and solar power. Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) eliminated those tax credits. How much damage did that do to the overall trajectory of clean energy in the post-Trump world? A new research commentary argues that the damage was less than many had feared and that the road forward for clean energy is less about restoring those credits than about easing the permitting and interconnection constraints inhibiting renewable energy. Today I talk with author Lily Bermel about the modeling her commentary is based on and the somewhat controversial conclusions she draws from it. Chapters: 00:00 The IRA, the OBBBA, and the case for optimism 03:25 OBBBA - Why Bermel ran the analysis 05:50 The headline numbers: 74, 71, 67 08:07 Decomposing clean: solar and batteries hold, wind takes the hit 12:14 The lag analysis, and the 'glass half full' perspective 15:27 2.8 gigatons, and losses you can't get back 18:01 The third scenario, and Trump I versus Trump II 21:49 What the model leaves out: manufacturing, LPO, loans 23:07 Interior's permitting campaign against wind and solar 27:22 The demand surge and behind-the-meter gas 32:15 Nuclear restarts, geothermal, and clean firm 35:31 Booms, busts, and the electrification wave 42:22Transmission, interconnection, and the ceiling 46:41 Tax credits versus permitting reform 51:46 Durability, polarization, and preemptive surrender 60:01 Can enough storage make renewables firm? 66:48 Grid utilization versus building new grid 70:52 Final reflections: 2021, and what Bermel would do with a trifecta

  • July 22 · 1 hr 7 min

    The US is terrible at building public transit. Here's how to get better.

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe America once led the world in building transit and now leads the world in what transit costs, roughly three times the international average per mile, measured not against authoritarian megaprojects but against Italy, Spain, and Japan. On this episode of Volts, David Roberts talks with Will Poff-Webster of the Institute for Progress, who put together the new Transit Abundance Playbook, and Stephanie Pollack, former head of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation and former acting administrator of the Federal Highway Administration. Their argument is that the costs are a policy choice: federal funding rules teach transit agencies to plan on a napkin and do the real work years later, to hire the lowest bidder over the one they know will deliver, and to defer to anyone holding a veto, while highways operate under looser versions of the same rules. As Pollack puts it, "if you hate transit, you should spend less on it." A surface transportation reauthorization bill is coming, and two of the playbook's proposals have already reached the House version. Chapters: 00:00 Introduction: why cars work against cities 03:25 Agency culture or federal law: where does the fix come from 11:31 Planning: how federal funding enforces bad habits 20:10 Overdesign: the Green Line stations and the frequency-first test 23:40 Buses: why every agency orders a custom fleet 26:53 Procurement: lowest bid versus best value 32:56 Veto points and Italy’s conference of services 39:56 Permitting: environmental review as a NIMBY tool 45:28 State capacity: why consultant brain took over 51:46 Labor costs, automation, and Section 13(c) 56:19 Is any of this politically achievable? 1:03:28 Final question: one reform each

  • July 20 · 1 hr

    Making sense of the data center backlash

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Data center opposition has gone from nonexistent to organized in about two years, roughly 120 moratoriums across 38 states, and it does not track proximity: Gallup finds 70% of Americans oppose a data center near them, while only 8% of opponents live near one. On this episode of Volts, David Roberts joins Energy Empire hosts Jigar Shah and Jamie Nolan, along with Arnab Pal of Deploy Action, for a crossover conversation, and his argument is that everyone is solving the wrong problem. The hyperscalers could buy their way to consent for a rounding error, batteries in basements, solar on roofs, funded schools, lower bills, and they refuse, which David reads as a symptom of low social trust that no amount of better modeling touches. “This is not a technocratic problem that you can just solve with a few switches,” he says. Thirty-six governors go to the ballot this fall having to answer for it. Chapters: 00:00 Intro: a Volts and Energy Empire crossover 01:25 Has the AI case been made? Energy vs. AI as the real revolution 04:23 The backlash by the numbers, and hyperscalers' botched PR 08:20 Animal spirits, low social trust, and the information environment 12:46 Enshittification, lost jobs, and why governors still want data centers 15:50 The local playbook: schools, bioswales, batteries in basements 17:18 Bespoke industrial rates without setting a bad precedent 22:33 How utilities earn: spend-to-earn, the distribution black box, efficiency 30:11 Gendering the grid: gas as firm, renewables as soft 37:57 NERC's level-three alert and the case for more batteries 39:29 Both/and: distributed capacity as serious supply 45:33 Abundance's missing half: state capacity, staffing, NEPA 48:55 The midterms: 36 governors and the politics of affordability 53:33 Hope vs. fear: the Mamdani lesson and the information environment

  • July 15 · 1 hr 3 min

    Spreading the good news about electrification

    This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.volts.wtf/subscribe Most of the energy decisions that touch daily life in America get made in state legislatures, and the people making them are increasingly new to the job. In smaller states, a freshly elected lawmaker gets a pad of paper, no staff, and about 150 lobbyists at the door, then votes on billion-dollar energy budgets in a landscape where the technology changes faster than anyone can track. On this episode of Volts, David Roberts talks with Hawaii state Senator Chris Lee, co-founder of the Electric Innovation Initiative, a bipartisan network betting that education moves electrification faster than mandates: put lawmakers in front of working technology, connect them across state lines, and let affordability carry the argument where climate framing will not. As Lee puts it, "nine times out of ten, people just don't know what they don't know." Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 03:39 How electrification clicked: the 2008 iPhone moment 06:10 The education gap: why the initiative exists 11:35 Proxy staff and cross-state validation 15:44 What lands on the tours: eVTOL to the data-center win-win 20:51 Plain 'electrification': the bipartisan framing bet 26:28 Climate hushing and Hawaii's two-track proof 30:17 Policy that spreads: e-buses, heat pumps, RFPs 37:37 Utility business-model reform: Hawaii's PBR law 42:03 Affordability after the federal subsidies 45:22 Hawaii under pressure: LNG and the Lahaina grid 51:53 State power against federal hostility 55:19 The ten-year vision and the closing advice

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