Outlaw God

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The Outlaw God podcast is about moving from theological speculation to proclamation. Featuring Dr. Steven Paulson and co-hosted by Caleb Keith.

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Thursday · 41 min
Sacraments Not Signs
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith discuss how Luther's mentor, Johann von Staupitz, helped shape his understanding of faith, the cross, and the sacraments. They explain how Luther moved away from trying to earn God's favor through love and good works and began to see that faith, not human effort, is the key to justification. They also explore how Luther struggled to find assurance in the sacraments and why he would eventually come to understand God's grace in a new way. Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Partners with Memento Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson
October 9 · 30 min
An Introduction to the Augsburg Confession
Learn the history, context, and significance of the Augsburg Confession, and discover why this foundational document became a defining statement of the Lutheran Reformation. Subscribe to 25 Minutes in the Lutheran Confessions on Apple Podcasts Subscribe to 25 Minutes in the Lutheran Confessions on Spotify Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Partners with Memento New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Scott Keith Daniel Emery Price Caleb Keith
October 8 · 47 min
Profanity and Predestination
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue talking about Martin Luther and his mentor Johann von Staupitz. They explain why Luther came to focus on faith, Christ, and the preached Word instead of love, feelings, or human effort. They also look at how Luther came to see the sacraments as Christ's promises of forgiveness and assurance, directing Christians away from their feelings and toward Christ's Word. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
September 29 · 40 min
Stinky Cheese Theology
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith talk about different ways Christians understand the theology of the cross. They explain how the cross is not something naturally beautiful or desirable, and why trying to learn to "love" the cross can turn Christianity into a matter of changing what we desire. Luther begins to see that faith is not about what we see or what we do, but about hearing the Word of Christ and trusting His promise of forgiveness. Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson
September 24 · 39 min
Promise and Presence
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith discuss the presence of Jesus Christ and why it is central to Lutheran theology and the Lord's Supper. They explain that faith is not about our feelings or works, but about receiving Christ where He has promised to be present through His Word and Sacraments. They also explore how Jesus' words actually do what they say, giving sinners forgiveness, eternal life, and salvation through His promise. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
September 17 · 33 min
Loving the Law
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their discussion of Luther's "new Kabbalah" and how mysticism can confuse the law and the Gospel. They explain that the law does not bring us back to God or make us righteous, even when we try to embrace our suffering or "love" the law that accuses us. Instead, Luther points us to Jesus Christ, who brings the law to an end and gives Himself to sinners, with the positive presence of Christ and what He does for us coming into focus in the next episode. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
September 14 · 42 min
Trying to turn accusation into approval
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their discussion of Luther's critique of mysticism and the "new Kabbalah." They explain why Luther moved from a theology centered on love to one centered on faith, showing that the law cannot save us or turn from accusation into approval. Luther instead points us to the end of the law and the promise of the Gospel, where faith receives Christ apart from works of the law. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
September 3 · 37 min
Faith Not Feelings
In this episode of the Outlaw God Podcast, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their discussion of Luther's "new Kabbalah" and his critique of Christian mysticism. They talk about how the law accuses us and why trying to overcome that accusation through love or self-denial misses the point. Luther shows us that we are made righteous before God by faith and not our feelings. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
August 27 · 51 min
Lifeless Lord's Supper
In this episode of Outlaw God, Caleb Keith and Dr. Steven Paulson explore Luther's break from Platonic and mystical ideas of revelation, especially the belief that preaching exists to reveal the right way to live. They explain why the law cannot reconnect us to God or make us righteous, and why Luther insisted that the law kills while the gospel gives life through the forgiveness of sins. The conversation also examines how misunderstandings of worship, the Lord's Supper, and the road to Emmaus can turn God's Word into ritual action rather than the proclamation of Christ's promise. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
August 20 · 46 min
Mystical Means
In this episode of Outlaw God, Caleb Keith and Dr. Steven Paulson continue exploring Luther's "new Kabbalah" and his rejection of mystical approaches to God, Scripture, and the law. They explain how Luther moved away from Plato and Aristotle and came to see God's Word, preaching, Baptism, the Lord's Supper, and absolution as the true means through which God gives Christ and salvation. The conversation shows why Luther believed the Gospel must be separated from mystical ideas of ascending to God through suffering, rituals, dreams, or human effort. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
August 13 · 52 min
When God Commands Promise
In the episode of the Outlaw God, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith explore Luther's Reformation breakthrough and how it was rooted in the distinction between Law and Gospel. They discuss how Luther came to understand faith as trust in God's promise rather than a work or feeling produced within us. Through Psalm 51 and Luther's own struggle with a troubled conscience, they show how absolution comes from outside us through God's Word and gives the conscience certainty and freedom. The episode highlights how God's promise—not our works, contrition, or feelings—creates a joyful and free conscience. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education 1517 Podcast Listeners Get a Free Book When They Sign Up for Memento This August Dr. Paulson's Outlaw God in Three Volumes: Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
August 6 · 49 min
Christ the Hated God
In this episode of Outlaw God, Caleb Keith and Dr. Steven Paulson begin a new chapter by discussing Luther's "New Kabbalah" and what it reveals about the gospel. They discuss why Luther's theology marked a real break with Rome, showing that sinners are made right with God through faith in Christ rather than through love, works, or mystical experiences. The conversation continues by exploring how the theology of the cross changes the way we understand Christ, justification, and the Christian life. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
July 31 · 49 min
No Longer Fighting God
In this episode of Outlaw God, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their discussion of Psalm 51, exploring why Christians continue to hear absolution even after they have already been forgiven in Baptism. They examine the Osiander controversy and the Reformation's teaching on justification, showing why forgiveness is more than a symbol or legal pardon—God's promise truly makes sinners righteous while they still struggle with sin. They also explain why Christians return again and again to God's Word and Sacraments, finding confidence not in what they see or feel, but in Christ's unchanging promise. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
July 23 · 42 min
Repentance Realization
Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith explore why Lutherans place public absolution at the center of worship and how it differs from approaches that emphasize repentance as a human work. Looking at Psalm 51, they explain Luther's claim that we don't fully know our sin through the law alone—we come to understand the depth of our sin when God first forgives it through His promise. The conversation shows how absolution creates faith, reveals true repentance, and keeps the Gospel, rather than our efforts, at the heart of the Christian life. Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook More from 1517: Support 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson
July 16 · 43 min
Faith Creates God?
In this episode of Outlaw God, Caleb Keith and Dr. Steven Paulson discuss Luther's famous and often misunderstood phrase, "faith creates God," from his lectures on Psalm 51. They trace how Ludwig Feuerbach turned that phrase into a theory that shaped modern theology, psychology, and atheism, while showing why Luther meant something very different. The conversation ultimately points listeners back to the heart of the Reformation: faith is not a human achievement or projection, but the gift created by God's powerful Gospel. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Scott Keith Daniel Emery Price Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
July 9 · 41 min
Law of Love
In this episode of Outlaw God, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their conversation on Luther's lectures on Psalm 51, showing how true repentance is rooted not in human effort or love for God, but in God's mercy alone. They unpack Luther's "conjunction of the incompatible" to explain how the holy God joins Himself to sinful people through Christ, shaping the Reformation's teaching on justification, the sacraments, and the Christian life. The discusssion challenges common misunderstandings about faith, emphasizing that salvation comes through God's Word creating faith—not through our works, decisions, or acts of love. More from 1517: Support the work at 1517 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: The Turk at the Door by Adam Francisco Luther and the Lion: A Narnian Catechism by Samuel Schuldheisz By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
July 2 · 41 min
David Dilemma
In this episode of Outlaw God, Caleb Keith and Dr. Steven Paulson explore what it means to "pray against yourself" through Psalm 51, showing how David learns that true repentance begins with God's law exposing the depth of sin rather than human effort or moral improvement. The conversation explains that faith is not something we produce or preserve but a gift created by the Holy Spirit through the preached promise of the forgiveness of sins. David's confidence ultimately rests not in his own worth, sacrifice, or works, but in God's Word of absolution, which unites sinners to Christ by grace alone. More from 1517: Support the 1517 Podcast Network 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation New Books from 1517 Publishing: By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation More from the hosts: Scott Keith Daniel Emery Price Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
June 26 · 42 min
The Conjunction Conundrum
In this episode of Outlaw God, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith explore Martin Luther's idea of the "conjunction of the incompatible," showing how Christ unites Himself to sinners not after they become holy, but while they are still completely sinful. They contrast this Gospel-centered understanding with views that make Jesus primarily an example to follow, emphasizing instead that Christ gives Himself fully through preaching and the sacraments to forgive sins and create faith. Looking at Psalm 51, they reveal how David's story points to the heart of the Gospel: God's grace comes to those who are utterly undeserving, joining the Holy One to the unholy through Christ alone. More from 1517: Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser! Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
June 18 · 42 min
Just vs. Justifier
In this episode of Outlaw God, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their examination of Psalm 51, showing how David's confession reveals the total reality of sin and the complete inability of human beings to save themselves through free will or good works. Drawing on Luther's distinction between Law and Gospel, Paulson explains that God's righteousness is not merely His own holiness but His action of justifying sinners through the promise of forgiveness. The discussion highlights how faith comes through God's external Word, which exposes sin, creates trust, and grants the righteousness that comes apart from the Law. More from 1517: Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser! Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson Follow 1517: Instagram X/Twitter Facebook
June 11 · 42 min
Creator of Compatibility
In this episode of the Outlaw God, Dr. Steven Paulson and Caleb Keith continue their exploration of Psalm 51, focusing on David's confession that sin is not merely something we do but something that defines us apart from God's intervention. Paulson explains Luther's understanding of repentance as two distinct words preached from outside the sinner—the law, which exposes and kills, and the gospel, which forgives and raises to new life through absolution. The conversation highlights David as prophet, showing how God creates faith by joining the seemingly incompatible realities of a holy God and sinful humanity through the promise of the gospel. More from 1517: Give to the June 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser! Learn more about the 1517 Podcast Network Fundraiser 1517 Podcasts 1517 on Youtube 1517 Podcast Network on Apple Podcasts 1517 Events Schedule 1517 Academy - Free Theological Education New Books from 1517 Publishing: By Water and the Word by Brian Thomas Being Family by Dr. Scott Keith A Reasoned Defense of the Faith by Adam Francisco Stretched: A Study for Lent and the Entire Christian Life by Dr. Christopher Richmann The Essential Nestingen: Essays on Preaching, Catechism, and the Reformation More from the hosts: Caleb Keith Steven Paulson

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