When to be exposed

Decline in personal immunity https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-statement-on-booster-doses-of-pfizer-and-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccines Dr June Raine, MHRA Chief Executive Uploaded 13-09-21 We know that a person’s immunity may decline over time after their first vaccine course. I am pleased to confirm that the COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and AstraZeneca can be used as safe and effective booster doses. It will now be for the JVCI to advise on whether booster jabs will be given and if so, which vaccines should be used. UK, Joint Committee for Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-medicine-regulator-says-pfizer-astrazeneca-covid-19-shots-may-be-used-2021-09-09/ Discussing whether booster shots for the elderly and vulnerable are needed Could be end of September Final decision with UK government Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021 https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/09/10/moderna-most-effective-covid-vaccine-studies/ https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7037e1.htm?s_cid=mm7037e1_w https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0818-covid-19-booster-shots.html Based on our latest assessment, the current protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death could diminish in the months ahead, especially among those who are at higher risk or were vaccinated during the earlier phases of the vaccination rollout. For that reason, we conclude that a booster shot will be needed to maximize vaccine-induced protection and prolong its durability. We are prepared to offer booster shots for all Americans beginning the week of September 20 and starting 8 months after an individual’s second dose. We also anticipate booster shots will likely be needed for people who received the Johnson and Johnson (J and J) vaccine. Pandemic Institute, Liverpool Seven authorities and institutions Some Innova funding https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/sep/12/uk-vaccine-volunteers-to-help-prepare-for-next-virus-at-new-pandemic-institute Aims to prevent future pandemics Accelerating vaccine development Human challenge facility High containment facility outside hospital, which will speed up the process We could have had first wave trials Professor Daniela Ferreira, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine If vaccine candidates could have been tested during the first wave of infections, the jabs would have been ready months earlier Here in Liverpool I led one of the sites for phase 3 of the Oxford vaccine study We were able to set up really quickly. When the government implemented a national lockdown, the number of cases plummeted. We were expecting to have the vaccine study results in three months but it took much longer because there was less community transmission Building a database of diseases affecting animals trying to work out which might be most likely to jump the species barrier 1,500 species of bat alone Professor Matthew Baylis of Liverpool University What I hope is that in 10 years’ time, we’re able to be much more precise as to which species we need to be looking at, and actually look at some of those species to confirm our predictions it appears to have these properties, it could be transmitted this way, it could cause this type of disease Also, WHO Opened the Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence in Berlin French government launched Prezode, an international initiative focusing on zoonotic diseases Rockefeller Foundation is creating a Pandemic Prevention Institute in the US Professor Baylis Intends to set up three hubs in east, west and southern Africa to work with local researchers Learning from Denmark https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/denmark-ends-covid-restrictions/2021/09/10/6d6a762e-1210-11ec-baca-86b144fc8a2d_story.html Since Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices