BT

S3 · E1
September 11 · 47 min
The Great Schism: Chirstianism divided.
The Great Schism of 1054 marked the definitive split of mainstream Christianity into the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. This monumental rupture was the climax of centuries of escalating theological, political, and cultural estrangement between Rome and Constantinople. The core disputes centered on the papal claim to universal authority over the entire Church and the Western insertion of the "Filioque" clause into the Nicene Creed. The breaking point occurred in July 1054, when Cardinal Humbert and Patriarch Michael Cerularius issued mutual excommunications in Constantinople, cementing a religious and geopolitical division that reshaped the history of Europe.